基于极端顶点混料设计优化黄粉虫秸秆饲料配方

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2018.05.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】每年产生的秸秆大部分没有被有效利用，造成大量的资源浪费。虽有部分秸秆发酵后制成畜禽动物饲料，但研究秸秆饲料用于饲养昆虫的少见。本研究旨在拓展秸秆的资源化利用途径，利用发酵秸秆饲养黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor，进而降低黄粉虫饲养中的饲料成本。【方法】以饲养黄粉虫的常规饲料、发酵的玉米秸秆、发酵的红薯秸秆为原料，用极端顶点混料设计法，研究三者不同混合比例对黄粉虫幼虫生长指标（生物量增率、死亡率、体长、饲料利用率和转化率）以及生理指标〔含水量、灰分含量、粗脂肪含量、粗蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、总糖含量、磷含量、中微量元素含量和重金属含量〕的影响，筛选出黄粉虫的最佳混料配方。【结果】结果表明，在常规饲料中添加一定量发酵的玉米秸秆和红薯秸秆更有利于黄粉虫幼虫的生长。生物量增率较大的实验组，其饲料利用率和转化率较高。混料配方中红薯秸秆所占比例越大，黄粉虫幼虫的死亡率趋势越大。而不同的混料配方对黄粉虫幼虫的体长和各生理指标无明显影响。最佳的混料配方为：常规饲料∶发酵玉米秸秆∶发酵红薯秸秆=37.24∶20.72∶42.04。此配方饲料成本低，相比于常规饲料配方成本降低了56.94%。此配方下饲养的黄粉虫幼虫，其生物量增率可达32.52%，高于常规饲料饲喂的对照组（25.17%），且黄粉虫幼虫的死亡率低、饲料利用率高。【结论】秸秆饲料经过科学配方既降低了黄粉虫的饲养成本，又提高了秸秆的利用率，具有较好的推广前景。

关键词: 黄粉虫, 秸秆, 饲料, 饲料配方, 极端顶点混料设计

Abstract: 【Aim】 A large quantities of crop straws produced annually are not effectively used, causing waste of resources. Some crop straws are fermented into animal feed, but they are rarely adapted as feed of insects. This study aims to extend the utilization of crop straw and to reduce the feed cost for breeding Tenebrio molitor. 【Methods】 Different feed formulas made from the conventional feed of T. molitor, fermented corn stalk and fermented sweet potato straw were designed by extreme vertex mixing design method, and the optimal feed formulation was screened by determining the effects of the feed formulation on the growth indexes (biomass increment rate, mortality, body length, feed utilization rate and conversion rate) and physiological indexes (moisture content, ash content, crude fat content, crude protein content, SOD activity, total sugar content, phosphorus content, content of medium and trace elements, and heavy metal content). 【Results】 The results showed that a certain amount of fermented corn stalk and fermented sweet potato straw added in the conventional feed was more beneficial to the growth of T. molitor. In the experimental groups with higher biomass increment rate, T. molitor had higher feed utilization rates and conversion rates. The higher the proportion of sweet potato straw in the formula, the higher the mortality trend of T. molitor. Different feed formulation had no obvious effect on the body length and physiological indexes of T. molitor larvae. The optimal feed formulation for T. molitor was as follows: conventional feed∶fermented corn stalk∶fermented sweet potato straw=37.24∶20.72∶42.04. Compared with the conventional feed formulation, the feed cost of the optimal feed formulation was decreased by 56.94%. The biomass increment rate of T. molitor larvae reared with the optimal feed formulation reached 32.52%, higher than that reared with the conventional feed (25.17%). Moreover, the mortality rate of T. molitor larvae reared with the optimal feed formulation was low and the utilization of crop straw feed was high. 【Conclusion】 Based on a reasonable formulation, the crop straw can be used as the feed of T. molitor, which can not only reduce the feed cost for breeding T. molitor, but also raise the utilization rate of crop straw. So the formulation is of great application prospective.

Key words: Tenebrio molitor, crop straw, feed, feed formulation, extreme vertex mixing design

李小龙, 熊晓莉, 李宁. 基于极端顶点混料设计优化黄粉虫秸秆饲料配方[J]. , 2018, 61(5): 596-603.

LI Xiao-Long, XIONG Xiao-Li, LI Ning. Formulation optimization of crop straw feed of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) based on extreme vertex mixing design method[J]. , 2018, 61(5): 596-603.

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链接本文: http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/10.16380/j.kcxb.2018.05.009

http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/Y2018/V61/I5/596

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基于极端顶点混料设计优化黄粉虫秸秆饲料配方

Formulation optimization of crop straw feed of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) based on extreme vertex mixing design method

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