关键词: 植食性昆虫, 植物防御反应, 适应, 效应因子, 协同进化, 微生物

Abstract:

In the process of co-evolution between plants and phytophagous insects, plants are selected to optimize their defenses, whereas phytophagous insects are selected to develop diverse traits to adapt to plant defenses in turn. The adaption to plant defenses in phytophagous insects exhibits diversity. Insects can exploit the effectors from their oral secretions to inhibit or impair plant defenses, activate some proteins that are specifically expressed in their guts to inhibit the production of defensive metabolites or directly degrade defensive metabolites, and employ microbes that they harbored to indirectly suppress plant defenses. In addition, insects also can adapt to plant defenses with other behavioral or physiological traits, including oviposition, insect-induced plant volatiles, and recognition of defensive metabolites. In this article, we reviewed the research progress on how insects exploit diverse effectors that they harbored to adapt to plant defenses.

Key words: Phytophagous insect, plant defense, adaption, effector, co-evolution, microbes