基于九个微卫星标记的核桃举肢蛾地理种群的遗传多样性分析

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2024.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】核桃举肢蛾Atrijuglans hetaohei是核桃Juglans regia上的一种重要蛀果性害虫，在我国北京、山东、山西、陕西、四川等核桃种植产业区普遍发生，严重影响核桃的产量和商品价值，造成严重的经济损失。本研究旨在明确核桃举肢蛾地理种群遗传分化和地理分布特点，阐明其不同地理种群间的遗传结构，了解其种群扩散规律，为核桃举肢蛾的防控提供理论指导。【方法】基于核桃举肢蛾转录组测序结果，使用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和毛细管电泳分型方法，利用筛选的多态性微卫星位点对我国8个省/市(北京、河北、河南、山东、山西、陕西、甘肃和四川)的16个地理种群共319头核桃举肢蛾样本进行种群遗传多样性分析，使用STRUCTURE和BAPS软件分析其种群遗传结构，并对影响其地理分布的因素进行探讨。【结果】核桃举肢蛾9个SSR位点具有较高的多态性，且多数位点未偏离哈迪-温伯格平衡。核桃举肢蛾各地理种群遗传多样性中等偏低(有效等位基因数Ne为1.334~1.824，期望杂合度He为0.203~0.342)，种群间遗传分化较小(遗传分化系数F_ST<0.142)，种群间基因流差异较大(Nm为1.518~23.800)。核桃举肢蛾地理种群间遗传分化程度与地理距离间有显著相关性(R²=0.226)。16个核桃举肢蛾地理种群可分为两支，即东部和西部种群。AMOVA分析表明，核桃举肢蛾种群间遗传变异较小，且种群变异主要来源于种群内；种群内的遗传分化系数F_CT值在0.03941~0.06449之间，表明地理阻隔和气候差异不是影响核桃举肢种群遗传结构和地理分布格局的主要因素。【结论】核桃举肢蛾地理种群遗传多样性中等偏低，不同地理种群间存在较低水平的遗传分化和差异较大的基因流。鉴于核桃举肢蛾特殊的生活史和独特的生物学特性，结合种群遗传结构分析结果，我们推测河流对核桃举肢蛾地理种群基因流的阻碍作用强于山川，而作为主要经济果树害虫，人类活动可能是干扰核桃举肢蛾种群地理分布的最主要因素。

关键词: 核桃举肢蛾, 地理种群, 微卫星标记, 遗传多样性, 种群遗传结构, 基因流

Abstract:

【Aim】 Atrijuglans hetaohei, an important fruit pest of Juglans regia, is widely distributed among the main producing areas (Beijing, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuang, etc.) of J. regia inChina, seriously affecting the yield and quality of J. regia and causing serious economic losses. This study aims to investigate the genetic differentiation and geographic distribution characteristics of A. hetaohei, clarify its genetic structure among different geographical populations, understand the population dispersal pattern, and provide theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of this pest insect. 【Methods】 Based on the transcriptome sequencing result of A. hetaohei, the polymorphic microsatellite markers were selected using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis typing methods to analyze the population genetic diversity of319 A. hetaohei individual samples from 16 populations in eight provinces/city (Beijing, Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu and Sichuan). Population genetic structure of A. hetaohei was analyzed using STRUCTURE and BAPS software, and the factors that affect the geographical distribution of A. hetaohei were also explored. 【Results】 Nine SSR loci of A. hetaohei exhibited high polymorphism, most of them did not deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The genetic diversity of A. hetaohei geographical populations was medium low (effective number of alleles Ne: 1.334－1.824; expected heterozygosity He: 0.203－0.342), the genetic differentiation between populations was small (genetic differentiation coefficient F_ST<0.142), and the gene flow among populations was significantly different (Nm: 1.518－23.800). There was a significant correlation (R²=0.226) between the degree of genetic differentiation and geographical distance among the populations. Sixteen geographical populations of A. hetaohei could be divided into two lineages (eastern and western lineages). AMOVA analysis showed a relatively small genetic variation among A. hetaohei populations, and population variation mainly originated from that within populations. The values of the fixation indice F_CT within A. hetaohei populations ranged from 0.03941 to 0.06449, indicating that geographical barriers and climatic differences were not the main factors affecting the genetic structure and geographical distribution pattern of A. hetaohei populations.【Conclusion】 A. hetaohei populations have a medium low genetic diversity, and a low level of genetic differentiation and a significantly different gene flow between populations. In view of the special life history and unique biological characteristics of A. hetaohei, combining with the population genetic structure analysis result, we speculate that rivers form a stronger blocking effect on the gene flow of the geographical populations of A. hetaohei than mountains. As a major pest of economic tree, human activities are possibly the main factor which affects the geographical distribution of A. hetaohei populations.

Key words: Atrijuglans hetaohei, geographical population, microsatellite marker, genetic diversity, population genetic structure, gene flow

王琦琦, 孙艳, 唐光辉.

基于九个微卫星标记的核桃举肢蛾地理种群的遗传多样性分析 [J]. 昆虫学报, 2024, 67(1): 90-101.

WANG Qi-Qi, SUN Yan, TANG Guang-Hui.

Genetic diversity analysis of the geographical populations of Atrijuglans hetaohei (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) based on nine microsatellite markers [J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2024, 67(1): 90-101.

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基于九个微卫星标记的核桃举肢蛾地理种群的遗传多样性分析

Genetic diversity analysis of the geographical populations of Atrijuglans hetaohei (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) based on nine microsatellite markers

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