昆虫学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 441-449.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.04.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

管氏肿腿蜂抚育行为有利于子代生长发育

黄维亚, 李莉*   

  1. (贵州师范大学生命科学学院, 贵阳 550025)
  • 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20

Maternal care improves offspring developmental performance in Scleroderma guani (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)

HUANG Wei-Ya, LI Li*   

  1. (School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China)
  • Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20

摘要: 【目的】本研究以管氏肿腿蜂Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu雌成蜂及其子代为研究对象,探究母代雌成蜂抚育行为对其子代生长发育的影响,为揭示该寄生蜂的半社会习性提供重要理论依据。【方法】本研究以松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus幼虫(0.532±0.021 g, 平均值±SE)为寄主,在置于温度26±0.5℃、相对湿度70%±5%、光周期10L∶14D的光照培养箱内的玻璃试管中按1头雌成蜂/0.1 g寄主单位重量的比例接蜂,分别在子代卵期、低龄幼虫期、高龄幼虫期、老熟幼虫期、吐丝幼虫期和茧蛹期取出母蜂组成6个不同的抚育处理,以全程均有母蜂抚育作为对照,观察子代蜂的生长发育及存活情况。【结果】当卵期缺失母蜂抚育时,子代低龄幼虫的平均发育历期明显延长,是对照的1~6倍;子代不同发育时期缺失母蜂抚育时,老熟幼虫发育历期比对照延长0.885 d。在卵期和幼虫期缺失母蜂抚育不利于子代存活,卵期缺失母蜂时子代蜂发育至老熟幼虫和吐丝幼虫的存活率分别为22.08%和17.43%,分别为对照的1/3和1/4。同时,在卵期、低龄幼虫期、高龄幼虫期和老熟幼虫期缺失母蜂时,其子代蜂感染球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana的比例均高于40%,尤其是低龄幼虫期缺失母蜂后子代感染率高达65.68%,是全程均有母蜂抚育的11倍。【结论】管氏肿腿蜂母蜂抚育有利于子代生长发育,提高子代存活率并降低子代感病率,对管氏肿腿蜂种群的繁衍具有重要意义。

关键词: 管氏肿腿蜂, 抚育行为, 缺失母蜂, 发育时期, 子代适合度, 球孢白僵菌

Abstract: 【Aim】 The study aims to explore the effects of maternal care on offspring developmental performance of Scleroderma guani Xiao et Wu,so as to provide important theoretical evidence for its subsocial behavior. 【Methods】 S. guani wasps were reared on Monochamus alternatus larvae (body weight=0.532±0.021 g, mean±SE) according to the 1 female wasp/0.1 g host in a glass tube in the growth cabinet with the conditions of 25±5℃, 70%±5%RH, and a photoperiod of 10L∶14D. The growth and development of the parasitoid offspring were tested in six different maternal care treatments (removing mother wasps in egg, early instar larva, late instar larva, mature larva, spinning mature larva and pupa cocoon stages of their offspring, respectively) and the control (with maternal care in all developmental stages of offspring). 【Results】 In the experimental group lacking of maternal care in egg stage, the mean developmental duration of early instar larva prolonged obviously, being 1.6 times as high as that of the control group. When there was lack of maternal care in different developmental stages, the mean developmental duration of mature larvae also prolonged 0.885 d as compared with the control group. Moreover, lack of maternal care in egg and larval stages was unfavorable for the offspring survival. In the experimental groups without maternal care in egg stage, the survival rates of mature larvae and spinning mature larvae were 22.08% and 17.43%, respectively, which were only one third and one fourth of that of the control group, respectively. In the experimental groups lacking of maternal care in egg stage, early instar larva, late instar larva and mature larva, the infection rates of offspring by Beauveria bassiana were above 40%. Especially in the experimental group lacking of maternal care in early instar larva, the infection rate of offspring was up to 65.68%, which was 11 times as high as that in the control group. 【Conclusion】 The maternal care in S. guani can promote the offspring development and survival rate and reduce the infection rate of offspring by pathogens,playing important roles in the parasitoid’s population reproduction.

Key words: Scleroderma guani, maternal care, female removal, developmental stage, offspring fitness, Beauveria bassiana