›› 2017, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 1046-1059.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.09.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

山西临汾冬小麦-夏玉米轮作田地下害虫种群在土壤中的迁移规律

陆俊姣1,4, 董晋明1,*, 任美凤1, 李霞2, 武宇鹏3, 李大琪1, 马恩波 4,*   

  1. (1. 山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室, 太原 030031; 2. 临汾市农业委员会, 山西临汾 041000; 3. 太原科技大学, 太原030024;4. 山西大学应用生物学研究所, 农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室, 太原030006)
  • 出版日期:2017-09-20 发布日期:2017-09-20

Migration patterns of subterranean pest insects in the soil of winter wheat-summer corn rotation fields in Linfen, Shanxi  

LU Jun-Jiao1,4, DONG Jin-Ming1,*, REN Mei-Feng1, LI Xia2, WU Yu-Peng3, LI Da-Qi1, MA En-Bo4,*   

  1. (1. Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China; 2. Linfen Agriculture Committee, Linfen, Shanxi 041000, China; 3. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China; 4. Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Research Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)
  • Online:2017-09-20 Published:2017-09-20

摘要: 【目的】明确地下害虫种群随季节变化在土壤中上下迁移的活动规律,为其综合防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用五点取样法,在山西省临汾市冬小麦夏玉米轮作田分层挖土,调查金针虫、蛴螬、蝼蛄等地下害虫种群随不同季节的土中分布,并分析其与土壤温湿度及环境的关系。【结果】调查结果显示,地下害虫种群迁移总体呈现出每年3月中旬至4月上旬上移,10月上旬至11月上旬下潜的规律。不同种类地下害虫在土壤中的迁移时间、分布深度以及活动范围等均不同。春季随着温度升高,上移时间的早晚依次为金针虫、蛴螬、蝼蛄;而当晚秋温度降低时,下潜顺序则相反。冬季低温时,地下害虫下潜深度多在地下20 cm以下;而夏季高温时,地下害虫下潜深度多在地下10~20 cm之间,同一种类地下害虫越冬比越夏下潜得更深。从不同种类地下害虫全年垂直活动范围来看,蛴螬活动的土层范围较浅薄,蝼蛄活动的土层较深厚,越冬时下潜的深度也最深。【结论】不同类群地下害虫在土壤中的迁移规律不同,在周年活动中均存在着上下往返迁移。  

关键词: 地下害虫, 上移, 下潜, 垂直移动, 迁移规律, 季节性变化

Abstract: 【Aim】 To clarify the migration patterns of subterranean pest insects in the soil in different seasons, so as to provide a theoretical basis for integrated pest management. 【Methods】 The five-point sampling method was used for the field surveys in winter wheat-summer corn rotation fields in Linfen, Shanxi province, and the relationships between the distribution of underground pest insects and soil temperature, humidity and environment were analyzed. 【Results】 The survey results showed that the underground pest insects migrated upward from mid-March to early April, and downward from early October to early November. Different underground pest insects showed different migration time, distribution depth and movement range. With rising temperature in spring, the upward migration order of underground pest insects was wireworms, white grubs, mole crickets, while the downward migration order was reverse as temperature decreased in winter. In addition, soil insects could dig more than 20 cm below ground at low temperature in winter, while at high temperature in summer the depth was about 10 to 20 cm below ground. And for the same species of underground pest insects, they could dig the soil deeper during overwintering period than during oversummering. Furthermore, in view of the range of vertical movement of different varieties of soil insects in the whole year, white grubs moved in shallow soil layer, while mole crickets moved in deeper soil layer and had the deepest digging depth. 【Conclusion】 The migration patterns of various underground pest insects are different, and the migration phenomenon that pest insects move up and down is repeated yearly.  

Key words: Subterranean pest insects, upward migration, downward migration, vertical migration, migration pattern, seasonal variation