昆虫学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (9): 1104-1111.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2021.09.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

叶面肥对柑橘全爪螨生长发育和繁殖及柑橘苗生长的影响(英文)

刘喆1, 2, George Andrew Charles BEATTIE3, 岑伊静1,*, 徐长宝1,*   

  1. (1. 华南农业大学昆虫生态研究室/广东省生物农药创制与应用重点实验室, 广州 510642; 2. 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,   江苏扬州 225009; 3. School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)
  • 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-09-03

Influence of foliar fertilizers on the development and  reproduction of the citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the growth of citrus seedlings (In English)

LIU Zhe1, 2, George Andrew Charles BEATTIE3,  CEN Yi-Jing1,*, XU Chang-Bao1,*   

  1.   (1. Laboratory of Insect Ecology of South China Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and  Application of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510642, China; 2. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,  Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China; 3. School of Science,  Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)
  • Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-09-03

摘要:

【目的】柑橘全爪螨Panonychus citri在中国是一种重要的柑橘害虫,叶面肥在橘园的应用很普遍。本研究是为了明确柑橘施用尿素和复合氨基酸2种叶面肥对这种害螨生长发育和繁殖及柑橘苗生长的影响。【方法】在室内分别用尿素(0.50%)和复合氨基酸(0.17%)2种叶面肥喷施盆栽沙糖橘Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju苗,以喷施清水为对照,探究叶面施肥对柑橘全爪螨生命表参数[净 增殖率(R0)、平均代时(T)、内禀增长率(rm)、周限增长率(λ)和种群趋势指数(I)]及柑橘苗生长参数(叶长、宽和面积, 茎长, 株高, 新梢的长度和数量)和叶片养分(N, P和K)含量的影响。【结果】柑橘全爪螨未成熟螨态的发育历期没有受到叶面肥的影响,但施用0.50%尿素的柑橘苗上第2若螨的存活率(95.40%)显著高于施用清水的对照(78.26%)和喷施0.17%复合氨基酸的处理(75.61%),其雌螨的繁殖力(42.1/♀)也显著高于对照(33.1/♀)。复合氨基酸处理柑橘苗上的雌螨寿命(19.5 d)显著长于尿素处柑橘苗上的雌螨寿命(14.8 d)和对照(14.5 d),复合氨基酸处理柑橘苗上的雄螨寿命(17.6 d)也显著长于对照(13.1 d)。总体上,在尿素处理的柑橘苗上柑橘全爪螨的净增殖率(R0)(17.88)和种群趋势指数(I)(18.08)值最高,2个参数都显著高于对照(分别为10.08和11.17)。施用2种叶面肥显著促进了柑橘苗叶片生长(叶长、叶宽、叶面积),其N, P和K含量以及氮钾比(N/K)也显著增加。【结论】柑橘苗叶面喷施尿素和复合氨基酸都可促进柑橘苗生长,喷施尿素会导致柑橘全爪螨种群的显著增长,而喷施复合氨基酸没有导致柑橘全爪螨种群显著增长。因此,推荐使用复合氨基酸代替尿素作为柑橘的叶面肥施用。但是,喷施复合氨基酸可显著延长柑橘全爪螨成螨的寿命,所以在使用时还应该加强对其种群的监测。

关键词: 柑橘全爪螨, 叶螨, 叶面肥, 尿素, 复合氨基酸, 柑橘生长

Abstract:

【Aim】 The citrus red mite, Panonychus citri, is an important pest of citrus in China where foliar fertilizers are commonly used in citrus orchards. The objective of this research is to assess the influence of two fertilizers, urea and compound amino acid, on the development and reproduction of this mite, and on the growth of citrus seedlings. 【Methods】 Two foliar fertilizers, urea (0.50%) and compound amino acid (0.17%), were applied separately to potted citrus (Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Shatangju) seedlings in the laboratory, and the seedlings sprayed with water were used as the control. The life-table parameters [the net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ) and population trend index (I)] of P. citri, the growth parameters (leaf length, width and area; stem length; plant height; number and length of new shoot leaves) of citrus seedlings and the nutrient (N, P and K) contents in leaves of citrus seedlings were investigated under controlled environment conditions. 【Results】 The duration of immature stages of P. citri was not influenced by the fertilizers, but the survival rate of  deutonymphs on citrus seedlings applied with 0.50% urea (95.40%) was significantly higher than those on the control citrus seedlings (applied with water) (78.26%) and on citrus seedlings applied with 0.17% compound amino acid (75.61%). The fecundity of female mites reared on urea treated citrus seedlings (42.1/♀) was also significantly higher than that of females reared on the control citrus seedlings (33.1/♀). The longevity of females reared on compound amino acid treated citrus seedlings (19.5 d) was significantly longer than that of females reared on urea treated citrus seedlings (14.8 d) and the control citrus seedlings (14.5 d), and the longevity of males reared on compound amino acid treated citrus seedlings (17.6 d) was significantly longer than that of males reared on the control citrus seedlings (13.1 d). Overall, P. citri reared on urea treated citrus seedlings had the highest net reproduction rate (Ro) (17.88) and population trend index (I)(18.08), both significantly higher than that reared on the control citrus seedlings (10.08 and 11.17, respectively). Leaf growth (leaf length, width and area) of citrus seedlings was significantly promoted by both fertilizers. Both fertilizers also significantly increased N, P and K contents, and the ratio of N/K in leaves of citrus seedlings. 【Conclusion】 Urea and compound amino acid as foliar fertilizer both promote the growth of citrus seedlings. Compound amino acid should be recommended in preference to urea because spraying of urea increases P. citri populations in contrast to compound amino acid. However, P. citri population should be also monitored because that although compound amino acid does not facilitate population growth, it does increase the longevity of adult mites.

Key words: Panonychus citri, spider mite, foliar fertilizer, urea, compound amino acid, citrus growth