关键词: 害虫防治, RNA干扰技术, 天然纳米聚合物, 纳米颗粒, 纳米载体, RNAi效应

Abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) technology induces the specific degradation of target gene mRNA through double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), providing a new strategy with high targeting and environmental compatibility for the prevention and control of agricultural pests. Compared with traditional pesticides, the RNAi technology can precisely act on key genes related to the growth, development, detoxification and metabolism of pests, enhancing the safety of non-target organisms. However, dsRNA is prone to degradation during field application and has difficulty in penetrating the insect body wall, which constitutes a bottleneck in the application of RNAi technology. Natural nanocarriers possess unique properties such as small size effect, surface effect and controllable release effect. Loading dsRNA onto natural nanocarriers to form nanoparticles can improve the environmental stability of dsRNA while ensuring environmental safety, thus attracting the attention of many researchers. In this article, we systematically reviewed the physical and chemical properties, such as selfassembly, electrostatic adsorption and pHcontrolled release of four common natural nanopolymers, namely lipids, chitosan, proteins, and melanin. We also outlined the practical applications of lipids and chitosan as drugs and dsRNA delivery carriers in pest control, as well as the achievements of proteins and melanin in binding drugs and siRNA in the medical field. Furthermore, we looked ahead to the application prospects of the four modified natural nanopolymers combined with RNAi technology in pest control. The research and development of RNA biopesticides face two major bottlenecks: The selection of safe target genes and the delivery of dsRNA. This review provides a reference for the further research and application of natural nanopolymers in the agricultural field.

Key words:  Pest management, RNA interference technology, natural nanopolymer, nanoparticle, nanocarrier, RNAi effects