昆虫学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 189-196.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.02.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂生存能力及记忆相关特性的影响

张波#, 廖春华#, 胡景华, 吴小波*   

  1. (江西农业大学蜜蜂研究所, 南昌 330045)  
  • 出版日期:2017-02-20 发布日期:2017-02-20

Effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on the viability and memory-related traits of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

ZHANG Bo#, LIAO Chun-Hua#, HU Jing-Hua, WU Xiao-Bo*   

  1.  (Honeybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China)
  • Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-02-20

摘要: 【目的】本实验旨在明确3个低浓度高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂Apis mellifera 生存能力与学习记忆的影响,为蜂群的健康养殖及深入研究蜜蜂发生蜂群崩溃失调病(colony collapse disorder,CCD)现象机理提供一定的理论参考。【方法】通过点滴法分别给刚羽化蜜蜂背部点滴不同剂量(1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50和1/8 LD50)的高效氯氟氰菊酯(以点滴纯丙酮为溶剂对照),并进行笼养,记录各组蜜蜂每天死亡情况;药物处理后第7天,利用吻伸反应(proboscis extension response, PER)方法测定不同浓度高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂工蜂学习记忆能力的影响。将刚羽化的蜜蜂用不同剂量高效氯氟氰菊酯处理后放入原始蜂群,20 d后采集氯氟氰菊酯处理后的20日龄工蜂,对其定距离放飞归巢能力进行检测,采用实时定量PCR对记忆相关基因谷氨酸受体基因(GluRA)和N-甲基-D天冬氨酸受体基因(Nmdar1)的相对表达量进行检测。【结果】1/2 LD50组工蜂的平均寿命显著低于1/4 LD50组、1/8 LD50组和对照组(P<0.05),而后三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。1/2 LD50组工蜂PER成功率也显著低于1/4 LD50组、1/8 LD50组和对照组(P<0.05),后三者之间差异也不显著(P>0.05)。1/8 LD50组和对照组蜜蜂在1 000 m处的归巢率显著高于1/2 LD50组和1/4 LD50组(P<0.05),但1/2 LD50组与1/4 LD50组以及1/8 LD50与对照组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。1/8 LD50组和对照组工蜂的GluRA基因表达量显著高于1/2 LD50组和1/4 LD50组(P<0.05),而且1/4 LD50组工蜂的GluRA基因表达量也显著高于1/2 LD50组(P<0.05),但1/8 LD50组与对照组工蜂的GluRA基因表达量差异不显著(P>0.05);1/4 LD50组、1/8 LD50组和对照组工蜂的Nmdar1基因相对表达量均显著高于1/2 LD50组(P<0.05),但前三者之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】高效氯氟氰菊酯对西方蜜蜂的生存能力和记忆行为特性具有一定的影响,这种农药的不合理使用可能影响着蜜蜂的健康养殖。

关键词: 西方蜜蜂, 蜂群崩溃失调病, 高效氯氟氰菊酯, 生存能力, 归巢率, 学习记忆

Abstract: 【Aim】 This study aims to determine the effects of three low doses of lambda-cyhalothrin on the viability, learning and memory of the western honey bee, Apis mellifera, so as to provide theoretical reference for healthy breeding of bee colony and further research on the mechanisms of colony collapse disorder (CCD) phenomenon in bees. 【Methods】 Lambda-cyhalothrin at various doses (1/2 LD50, 1/4 LD50 and 1/8 LD50) was dripped on the backs of newly emerged bees of A. mellifera through the drop method, respectively, and those dripped with pure acetone were treated as the control group. Bees were cultured in cages after treatment and the mortality rates in various groups were recorded daily. Effects of various doses of lambda-cyhalothrin on the learning and memory ability of worker bees were determined through proboscis extension response (PER) at 7 d after treatment. The newly emerged bees treated with different doses of lambda-cyhalothrin were put into the original bee colonies, and their homing ability was determined at 20 d after treatment. The relative expression levels of learning and memory related genes including glutamate receptor gene (GluRA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor gene (Nmdar1) in 20-day-old worker bees were assayed using real-time quantitative PCR. 【Results】  The results showed that the average life span of worker bees in the 1/2 LD50  group was significantly lower than those in the 1/4 LD50 group, the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group, while there was no significant difference among the latter three groups. The success rate of PER of worker bees in the 1/2 LD50 group was significantly lower than those in the 1/4 LD50 group, the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group, while there was no significant difference among the latter three groups either (P>0.05). The homing rates at 1 000 m in the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than those in the 1/2 LD50 and 1/4 LD50 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant differences between the 1/2 LD50 and 1/4 LD50 groups, as well as between the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group (P>0.05). The relative expression levels of GluRA gene in 20-day-old worker bees in the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than those in the 1/2 LD50 and 1/4 LD50 groups (P<0.05), and that in the 1/4 LD50 group was also significantly higher than that in the 1/2 LD50 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant differences between the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group (P>0.05). The relative expression levels of Nmdar1 gene in worker bees in the 1/4 LD50 group, the 1/8 LD50 group and the control group were significantly higher than that in the 1/2 LD50 group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among the former three groups (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Lambda-cyhalothrin has certain effects on the viability and memory and behavior characteristics of A. mellifera, and its unreasonable application may affect healthy breeding of bees.

Key words: Apis mellifera; colony collapse disorder, lambda-cyhalothrin; viability; homing rate; learning and memory