松墨天牛,植物挥发物,聚集信息素,成分分析,持效期,诱捕," /> 松墨天牛,植物挥发物,聚集信息素,成分分析,持效期,诱捕,"/> <span style="font-family:宋体;">野外条件下松墨天牛诱芯中引诱剂成分变化及其对诱捕效果的影响</span>

昆虫学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 1310-1318.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2018.11.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

野外条件下松墨天牛诱芯中引诱剂成分变化及其对诱捕效果的影响

胡琴, 金京, 杜永斌, 樊建庭*   

  1.  (浙江农林大学林业与生物技术学院, 生物农药高效制备技术国家地方联合工程实验室, 杭州 311300)
  • 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-20

Variation of the composition of attractants in lures for Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the field and its influence on trapping efficacy

HU Qin, JIN Jing, DU Yong-Bin, FAN Jian-Ting*   

  1. (National Joint Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Preparation of Biopesticides, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China)
  • Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-20

摘要: 【目的】为进一步阐明松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus诱芯中引诱剂植物挥发物(α-蒎烯和乙醇)和聚集信息素(2-十一烷氧基1-乙醇)在野外条件下的变化及其对诱芯诱捕效果的影响。【方法】本研究应用气质联用仪(GC-MS),检测了松墨天牛诱芯中引诱剂植物挥发物α-蒎烯和乙醇及聚集信息素2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇在野外悬挂不同时间后的比例和成分变化;并在林间设置20个诱捕器,每诱捕器上悬挂1个诱芯,其中10个诱捕器在第30天时更换新的诱芯,另10个诱捕器的诱芯不更换,调查相应的野外诱捕效果。【结果】诱芯中引诱剂植物挥发物含量变化结果显示,植物挥发物在前15 d内,平均释放量为5.05 mL/d;在第45-60天内,平均释放量仅为0.58 mL/d。植物挥发物成分分析结果显示,植物挥发物中α-蒎烯和乙醇的初始总含量≥97%,另外含有莰烯、氧化蒎烯、松香芹醇、松香芹酮、桃金娘烯醛、马鞭草烯酮、桃金娘烯醇等7种杂质。随着时间延长,植物挥发物中成分种类和含量均发生变化,其中第15天时,乙醇含量为零;第15-45天期间,共新增3种杂质,即马鞭草烯醇、樟脑烯醛和马鞭草烯基乙基醚;原有杂质松香芹醇、松香芹酮、桃金娘烯醛、马鞭草烯酮到第60天时含量所占比例显著增加。聚集信息素2-十一烷氧基-1-乙醇含量变化结果显示,在前15 d内,平均释放量为1.05 μL/d;在第30-45天内,平均释放量下降到0.52 μL/d;45天时,聚集信息素含量几乎为零。野外诱捕试验结果显示,旧诱芯(已悬挂30 d的诱芯)和新诱芯(30天时新更换的诱芯)在第45天时诱捕效果无显著性差异,在第50天时,新旧诱芯的野外诱捕效果差异达显著水平(P<0.05),在第60天后,新旧诱芯的野外引诱效果差异达极显著水平(P<0.01)。【结论】结果表明,松墨天牛诱芯中引诱剂在野外条件下释放速率存在“先快后慢”的趋势,并且随着时间的延长各成分之间的比例发生变化,主要成分也发生氧化,进而影响诱捕效果。我们自制的松墨天牛诱芯野外诱捕的高效持效期不少于45 d,持效期不少于60 d,如何更好地控制松墨天牛诱芯中引诱剂的释放速率,延缓各成分的变化,值得进一步研究。

关键词: 松墨天牛')">松墨天牛, 植物挥发物')">植物挥发物, 聚集信息素')">聚集信息素, 成分分析')">成分分析, 持效期')">持效期, 诱捕')">诱捕

Abstract: Aim In order to further elucidate the variation of plant volatiles (α-pinene and ethanol) and the aggregation pheromone (2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol) of attractants in lures for Monochamus alternatus in the field and its influence on the trapping efficacy of lures. Methods The variation in the proportion and composition of the plant volatiles (α-pinene and ethanol) and the aggregation pheromone 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol of attractants in lures for M. alternatus after being hung in the field for different time were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, 20 traps were set up in the forest, and one lure was suspended on each trap. Ten traps were replaced with new lures on the 30th day, and the lures of the other 10 traps were not replaced. The corresponding field trapping efficacy was investigated. Results The results of variations in the contents of plant volatiles of attractants in lures showed that the initial total content of α-pinene and ethanol accounted for more than 97% in plant volatiles, and there were seven impurities including camphene, pinene oxide, pinocarveol, pinocarvone, myrtenal, verbenone, and myrtenol. The average release rate of plant volatiles was 5.05 mL/d within the first 15 days, and only 0.58 mL/d from the 45th to the 60th day. The results of the composition analysis of plant volatiles showed that the composition and contents of various components in plant volatiles changed with time. The ethanol content was zero on the 15th day, and another three new impurities including verbenol, campholenal and verbenylethylether were present during the 15th-45th day. The contents of the original impurities, i.e., pinocarveol, pinocarvone, myrtenal and verbenone, were significantly increased on the 60th day. The variation in the concentration of the aggregation pheromone 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol showed that the average release rate of 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol was 1.05 μL/d within the first 15 days and dropped to 0.52 μL/d from the 30th to the 45th day, and the content of the aggregation pheromone was almost zero on the 45th day. The field trapping test results showed that there was no significant difference in the trapping efficacy between the old lures (hung already for 30 d) and the new lures (newly replaced lures on the 30th day) on the 45th day, but significantly different on the 50th day (P<0.05), and extremely significantly different after the 60th day (P<0.01). Conclusion The results show that the release rate of attractants for M. alternatus shows the variation tendency of being fast first and then slow in the field, the proportion of each component changes with time, and the main components are oxidized, affecting the trapping efficacy. The high-efficiency duration of the self-made attractants for M. alternatus for field trapping is not less than 45 d, and the validity duration is not less than 60 d. How to better control the release rate of attractants in lures for M. alternatus and delay the component variations is worth further study.

Key words: Monochamus alternatus, plant volatiles, aggregation pheromone, component analysis, validity duration, trapping