›› 2009, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (10): 1115-1121.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同饲料对小峰熊蜂工蜂群发育的影响

吴杰, 黄家兴,安建东, 胡福良   

  • 出版日期:2009-10-20 发布日期:2009-10-20
  • 通讯作者: 胡福良

Effects of different diets on worker colony development of the bumblebee Bombus hypocrita Pérez (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

  • Online:2009-10-20 Published:2009-10-20

摘要:

糖和花粉对熊蜂的生长发育和繁殖起重要作用。本研究测定和分析了2种糖源(白砂糖、蜂蜜)和5种花粉(杏花粉、油菜花粉、向日葵花粉、玉米花粉、茶花粉)的饲料组合对小峰熊蜂Bombus hypocrita的无王工蜂群寿命、产卵前期时间、产卵量、幼虫拖出数、卵杯数、雄蜂出房时间和子代雄蜂数量的影响。结果表明: 只饲喂糖类食物时, 工蜂寿命显著短于有花粉的饲料组, 而且工蜂不产卵。含有花粉的各饲料组之间工蜂寿命存在显著差异, 饲喂玉米花粉的工蜂寿命小于其他4种花粉组。在工蜂产卵前期时间和卵杯数量方面, 10种含有花粉的饲料组之间差异不显著; 但在产卵量、幼虫拖出数、雄蜂出房时间和子代雄蜂数量等方面, 各饲料组之间差异较大。白砂糖和杏花粉组的产卵量最高; 杏花粉组和茶花粉组的幼虫拖出数量显著低于其他花粉组; 油菜花粉组和杏花粉组的雄蜂出房时间显著短于其他花粉组; 杏花粉组的子代雄蜂数量显著高于其他饲料组。结果显示不同饲料组合对小峰熊蜂工蜂群的发育影响很大。因此建议在熊蜂的人工繁育过程中, 在不同的发育阶段应给予不同的饲料配方。

关键词: 小峰熊蜂, 工蜂, 食物, 糖, 花粉, 蜂群发育

Abstract: Sugar and pollen play an important role in the development and reproduction of bumble bees. The effect of feed combinations with different sugar and pollen on the reproduction of the bumblebee Bombus hypocrita Pérez was investigated by feeding micro-colonies of queenless workers. Two kinds of sugars [sucrose (S) and honey (H)] and five kinds of pollen [rape (RP), apricot (AP), sunflower (SP), corn (CP) and tea (TP)] were used in twenty-four treatments. The results showed that the workers just fed with sugar did not lay eggs with longevity significantly shorter than other treatments fed with sugar and pollen. Pollen also caused significant difference in the longevity of workers. The longevity of workers fed on corn pollen was significantly shorter than those of workers fed on other pollen. Pollen did not cause significant difference in worker’s pre-oviposition time and number of egg cups. However, feeds affected significantly the numbers of laid eggs, larval ejection, duration of male development and the number of progeny. Among all the treatments, S+AP treatment delivered the highest number of eggs, AP and TP treatments caused a lower number of larval ejection, RP and AP treatments led to shorter male development time, and AP treatment contributed to a higher number of progeny. The results suggest that the worker colony development is significantly affected by different feeds. We so suggest that different food for bumblebee colony should be provided at different developmental phases in artificial rearing of bumblebees.

Key words: Bombus hypocrita, worker bee, diet, sugar, pollen, colony development