›› 2009, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (7): 783-790.doi:

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

胸窗萤的防卫行为:反射性出血及翻缩腺反应

付新华   

  • 出版日期:2009-07-20 发布日期:2009-07-20
  • 通讯作者: 付新华

Defensive behavior in firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis (Coleoptera: Lampyridae): Reflex bleeding and reaction with eversible organs

FU Xin-Hua   

  • Online:2009-07-20 Published:2009-07-20

摘要: 为了探讨胸窗萤Pyrocoelia pectoralis Oliver, 1883的防卫行为, 对成虫的反射性出血行为及幼虫的翻缩腺体形态进行了研究。结果表明: 胸窗萤具有复杂的多重防卫行为策略。成虫利用闪烁、 假死、 反射性流血进行防卫, 幼虫则利用闪烁、 假死和微小的翻缩腺体进行防卫。反射性流血发生在雄成虫的前胸背板和鞘翅边缘, 而雌成虫仅在前胸背板边缘观察到有反射性流血行为。扫描电镜观察到直径大约32 μm的圆坑状结构环绕前胸背板或鞘翅边缘一圈。雌虫鞘翅牙也具有相似的圆坑状结构。幼虫具有9对乳头状的翻缩腺体, 位于中胸、 后胸和第1~7节侧板上。超薄切片发现, 腺体表面的棒状结构内部中空, 棒状结构连接一个发达的分泌细胞。细胞内连接棒状结构的部位着生致密的管状内质网。行为学实验发现, 胸窗萤血液对蚂蚁具有非常有效的拒避作用。

关键词: 萤火虫, 胸窗萤, 防卫行为, 反射性流血, 翻缩腺体, 形态

Abstract: To explore the defensive behavior in firefly Pyrocoelia pectoralis Oliver 1883, morphological and behavioral experiments were conducted. P. pectoralis was discovered to possess complex, multiple and effective defensive behavior. Adults use glowing, death mimic and reflex bleeding to defense, whereas larvae defend predators by glowing, death mimic, and small pairs of eversible glands. Male adults of P. pectoralis discharge fluids from pronotal and elytral margins, but when tactually stimulated, females only discharge fluids from pronotal margins. With regard to its content of haemocytes, the discharged fluid conforms to haemolymph. A series of circular pits about 32 μm in diameter, but irregularly spaced depressions in the cuticle of the firefly along the pronotal and elytral margins, seems to be related to the ‘reflexbleeding’ response. The larvae of P. pectoralis possess 9 pairs of small pale white, mammiform eversible glands. TEM revealed that the protuberances of eversible organs of P. pectoralis larva are hollow at the base. The cytoplasm of the secretory cells of eversible organs is characterized by extensive system of cisternae and tubular endoplasmic reticulum. Behavioral experiments confirmed that the blood of P. pectoralis is very effectively repellent to ants.

Key words: Firefly, Pyrocoelia pectoralis, defensive behavior, reflex bleeding, eversible organs, morphology