›› 2009, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (8): 923-928.doi:

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

土荆芥的石油醚提取物及精油对冈比亚按蚊的杀虫活性

Abiodun A. DENLOYE, Oluwakemi K. AJELARA, Rasaq A. OLOWU, Adeolu O. ESHILOKUN, Winifred A. MAKANJUOLA   

  • 出版日期:2009-10-07 发布日期:2009-08-20

Insecticidal activity of petroleum ether extract and essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L.(Chenopodiaceae) against Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abiodun A. DENLOYE, Oluwakemi K. AJELARA, Rasaq A. OLOWU, Adeolu O. ESHILOKUN, Winifred A. MAKANJUOLA   

  • Online:2009-10-07 Published:2009-08-20

摘要: 在室内条件下测试了土荆芥Chenopodium ambrosioides 叶片的石油醚提取物及精油对冈比亚按蚊Anopheles gambiae 0~2 d龄成虫和1~4龄幼虫的毒性。每一龄期各取30头幼虫分别接触50,100,250,500,750和1 000 mg/L提取物和精油,于24 h和48 h后记录死亡幼虫的数目。30头成虫在密封的长方形玻璃笼子中分别接触0.8,1.6,2.4 μL/L土荆芥精油蒸气, 24 h后记录死亡率。结果表明,测试的提取物和精油对冈比亚按蚊的各龄幼虫和成虫均具有毒性。48 h致死中浓度(LC50)的测试结果表明,石油醚提取物对1龄幼虫的毒性最强(14.89 mg/L),其次是对4龄幼虫(18.90 mg/L),对3龄幼虫的毒性最低(183.77 mg/L); 精油对4龄幼虫毒性最强(36.62 mg/L),其次是对1龄幼虫(90.75 mg/L)。推算的土荆芥精油对冈比亚按蚊的LC50为1.01 μL/L。本研究揭示了土荆芥对冈比亚按蚊的防治潜力。

关键词: 疟蚊, 冈比亚按蚊, 土荆芥, 杀虫活性, 生测, 致死中浓度, 精油, 石油醚提取

Abstract: Tests were carried out to evaluate the toxicity of Chenopodium ambrosioides (Chenopodiacea) leaf against the 0-2 d old adult, 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) as petroleum ether extract and essential oil respectively at ambient laboratory temperature. Thirty larvae at each instar stage were exposed to 50, 100, 250, 500, 750 and 1 000 mg/L of extract and essential oil in water, and the number of dead larvae recorded at 24 and 48 h post-exposure. Thirty adults were exposed to C. ambrosioides oil vapour in air tight rectangular glass cages at 0.8, 1.6 and 2.4 μL/L and mortality recorded 24 h after exposure. The results showed that the test extract and essential oil were toxic to all  larval stages and adults of An. gambiae. The median lethal concentration after 48 h exposure (48 h-LC50) values show that the extract was most toxic to the 1st instar larvae (14.89 mg/L) followed by the 4th instar (18.90 mg/L) and least toxic to the 3rd instar (183.77 mg/L). The 48 h LC50 values showed that the essential oil was most toxic to the 4th (36.62 mg/L) followed by the 1st instar (90.75 mg/L) larvae. The computed LC50 value of C. ambrosioides oil against adult An. gambiae was 1.01 μL/L. The study highlights the potential of C. ambrosioides for the control An. gambiae.

Key words: Malaria, Anopheles gambiae, Chenopodium ambrosioides, insecticidal activity, bioassay, median lethal concentrations, essential oil, petroleum ether extract