›› 2010, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (12): 1390-1403.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

梨小食心虫化学通信中的信息物质

陆鹏飞, 黄玲巧, 王琛柱   

  • 出版日期:2011-01-28 发布日期:2010-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 王琛柱

Semiochemicals used in chemical communication in the oriental fruit moth, Grapholitha molesta Busck (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

LU Peng-Fei, HUANG Ling-Qiao, WANG Chen-Zhu   

  • Online:2011-01-28 Published:2010-12-20
  • Contact: WANG Chen-Zhu

摘要:

梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta Busck是我国北方果区发生的重要害虫。当前对该虫的防治主要依赖化学农药, 但引起的害虫抗药性、 杀伤天敌和环境污染等问题非常严重。食心虫自身的信息素、 寄主/非寄主的他感化学物质对于调节其配偶选择和寄主定位起着至关重要的作用, 基于信息化学物质的害虫管理策略为果园食心虫的治理提供了新的途径。本文综述了国内外有关梨小食心虫化学信息物质研究进展, 包括雌蛾释放的性信息素组分及对雄、 雌两性的引诱, 雄蛾释放的信息素, 利用性信息素的迷向研究, 寄主植物挥发性引诱物质的鉴定和筛选, 以及梨小食心虫寄主转换机制等方面的研究现状和存在的问题。具体来说, 雌蛾的性信息素包括顺-8-十二碳烯醋酸酯、反-8-十二碳烯醋酸酯、顺-8-十二碳烯-1-醇和十二碳-1-, 各个组分的比例在地理种群间存在变异。在室内, 通过行为试验证实两种醋酸酯对雄蛾的引诱是必不可少的, 微量的顺-8-十二碳烯-1-醇对二元组分起到增效作用。在田间, 上述3种物质组成的诱芯具有较强的活性; 由此开发的性信息素迷向技术(人工迷向丝、 可喷施的微胶囊和蜡滴)被用于梨小食心虫交配干扰, 取得了很好的效果。梨小食心虫最主要的寄主植物桃梢挥发物包括22种化合物, 其中绿叶挥发物占到50%, 行为生测证实6~8个碳原子的物质是主要的活性化合物。顺-3-己烯丁酸酯、顺-3-己烯醇、反-2-己烯醛、苯甲醛和苯甲腈的五组分混合物, 其引诱力与天然桃梢挥发物相当。通过钙成像试验证实, 尽管苯甲腈在桃梢天然挥发物中仅占0.14%, 但雌蛾对含有该物质的混合物有显著趋性, 该物质对梨小食心虫成功识别寄主具有重要意义。最后对梨小食心虫信息化学物质下一步的研究和应用前景进行了探讨。

关键词: 梨小食心虫, 化学信息物质, 性信息素, 寄主植物挥发物, 迷向, 害虫防治

Abstract:

The oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholitha molesta Busck, is an important pest of stone fruits in North China. Semiochemicals play a crucial role in hostplant selection and mate location of this pest, and thus manipulating insect behaviour through the application of semiochemicals in the environment has become a practical method in OFM management. This article reviews the research progress on OFM attractants, including female and male sex pheromones, pheromone-based mating disruption techniques, and host plant volatiles and their use in pest attraction. The sex pheromone components included (Z)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (E)-8-dodecenyl acetate, (Z)-8-dodecenol and dodecanol. The geographic variation was found in ratio of components. In the laboratory bioassay, the two acetate esters were essential to attractiveness, and (Z)-8-dodecenol had synergistic effects. In the field tests, the three-component blend was also attractive. Mating disruption of G. molesta was successfully carried out by using hand-applied pheromone dispensers, wax drops and sprayable microencapsulated pheromone. Twenty-two compounds were identified in peach shoots. Green leaf volatiles accounted for more than 50% of the total emitted volatiles. A bioassay indicated the compounds with a chain length of 6-8 carbon atoms were bio-active. The 5-compound mixture, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-yl acetate, benzaldehyde and benzonitrile, was as attractive as natural peach shoots volatiles. Benzylnitrile accounted for 0.14% of the total emitted volatiles of peach shoots, but it played a key role in successful recognition and behavioral discrimination of suitable host plants. Further investigations on semiochemicals in G. molesta are discussed.

Key words: Oriental fruit moth, semiochemical, sex pheromone, host plant volatiles, mating disruption, pest control