内蒙古天然草原不同放牧压力下亚洲小车蝗的食性及营养生态位（英文）

›› 2013, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 537-547.doi:

内蒙古天然草原不同放牧压力下亚洲小车蝗的食性及营养生态位（英文）

刘贵河¹，郝树广²，邵新庆³，张英俊³，汪诗平^4,*

（1. 河北北方学院动物科技学院，河北张家口 075000；
2. 中国科学院动物研究所，农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室，北京 100101；
3. 中国农业大学动物科技学院草业科学系，北京 100193；
4. 中国科学院青藏高原研究所高寒生态学和生物多样性实验室，北京 100101）

出版日期:2013-05-20 发布日期:2013-05-20

Diet composition and trophic niche of Oedaleus asiaticus(Orthoptera: Acrididae) in natural grasslands under different grazing pressure in Inner Mongolia, northern China(In English)

LIU Gui-He¹, HAO Shu-Guang², SHAO Xin-Qing³, ZHANG Ying-Jun³, WANG Shi-Ping^4,*

(1. Animal and Technology College, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China;
2. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3. Department of Grassland Science,
Animal and Technology College, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
4. Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

Online:2013-05-20 Published:2013-05-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物表皮蜡质中的饱和链烷作为内源指示剂广泛用于评价放牧家畜的食性和食量，但用于天然草原蝗虫食性的评价研究较少。为了探讨天然草原蝗虫的食性及其生态位变化，本研究以内蒙古天然草原为研究对象，于2003年7-8月沿降水梯度选择3种典型植物群落（小针茅Stipa klemenzii、羊草Leymus chinensis和大针茅Stipa grandis群落），在每个植物群落不同放牧压力下小区随机做20个植被样方，样方内植物齐地面刈割，测定其地上生物量和物种多样性，取主要植物种测定其链烷模式，同时采集放牧小区优势蝗虫种亚洲小车蝗Oedaleus asiaticus的粪便，测定其链烷模式，运用链烷技术评价蝗虫的食性及其营养生态位。结果表明：不同植物群落中优势牧草种类及其比例不同，其链烷模式存在种间差异，链烷技术可以评价亚洲小车蝗的食性。亚洲小车蝗的食性在不同植物群落及不同放牧压力下存在显著的差异，在羊草和大针茅群落中，亚洲小车蝗是禾草采食者，主要采食羊草和糙隐子草Cleistogenes squarrosa，且与绵羊的营养生态位重叠指数较低，分别为0.0619和0.0172；在小针茅群落中亚洲小车蝗是杂类草采食者，主要采食无芒隐子草Cleistogenes songorica、猪毛菜Salsola collina和小针茅，且与绵羊的营养生态位重叠指数较高，达到0.1815。因此，放牧不仅改变了群落的植物种类组成，而且直接影响了亚洲小车蝗的食物组成，二者对食物资源利用存在一定程度的竞争。

关键词: 亚洲小车蝗;植物群落, 放牧压力, 食性, 营养生态位, 绵羊, 链烷技术, 内蒙古典型草原

Abstract: The n-alkanes in plant cuticular wax have been used as markers to estimate the diet composition and intake of grazing herbivores, but limited information is available about diet pattern of grasshoppers in natural grasslands based on the n-alkane technique. The objective of this research was to estimate the diet composition and trophic niche of Oedaleus asiaticus, a dominant grasshopper species, using the n-alkane technique in combination with quadrats. Experiments were conducted in three typical plant communities (i.e., Stipa klemenzii, Leymus chinensis, and Stipa grandis communities) along precipitation gradients in the Inner Mongolian steppe from July to August of 2003. Twenty quadrats were selected randomly and clipped to ground level in each community to measure plant species diversity and aboveground biomass. Main plant species in each community and the feces of O. asiaticus were analyzed for concentration patterns of n-alkanes. Our results indicate that the diet composition of O. asiaticus in natural grasslands can be accurately estimated using the n-alkane technique, and it is significantly different under different grazing pressures and in different plant communities. The grasshopper shifted its diet pattern from a specialist (graminivorous) in L. chinensis and S. grandis communities to a generalist (mixed graminivorous) in S. klemenzii community. The overlapping indexes of trophic niche between O. asiaticus and sheep were 0.0619, 0.0172 and 0.1815 in L. chinensis, S. grandis and S. klemenzii community, respectively. The community structures of the vegetation (plant species diversity, biomass proportion, and frequency distribution) had significant influences on the diet composition of O. asiaticus. Grazing altered the plant community and indirectly affected the grasshoppers’ food selection. The results suggest that certain competition may exist for food resources between grasshoppers and livestock.

Key words: Oedaleus asiaticus, plant community, grazing pressure, diet pattern, trophic niche, sheep, n-alkane technique, Inner Mongolian steppe

刘贵河, 郝树广, 邵新庆, 张英俊, 汪诗平. 内蒙古天然草原不同放牧压力下亚洲小车蝗的食性及营养生态位（英文）[J]. , 2013, 56(5): 537-547.

LIU Gui-He, HAO Shu-Guang, SHAO Xin-Qing, ZHANG Ying-Jun, WANG Shi-Ping. Diet composition and trophic niche of Oedaleus asiaticus(Orthoptera: Acrididae) in natural grasslands under different grazing pressure in Inner Mongolia, northern China(In English)[J]. , 2013, 56(5): 537-547.

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