›› 2015, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (6): 665-672.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

意大利蜜蜂对两种油菜花朵气味的偏爱性

罗文华1, 程尚1, 曹兰1, 邵有全2, 张旭凤2, 高丽娇1,郭军1, 戴荣国1, 王瑞生1, 刘佳霖1,*   

  1. (1. 重庆市畜牧科学院, 重庆荣昌 402460; 2. 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所, 太原 030031)
  • 出版日期:2015-06-20 发布日期:2015-06-20
  • 作者简介:罗文华, 男, 1966年生, 四川内江人, 副研究员, 研究方向为蜜蜂授粉技术, E-mail: 270918628@qq.com

Preference of Apis mellifera ligustica to flower odours of two rapes (Brassica napus cv. Shengli and B. juncea cv. Mawei)

LUO Wen-Hua1, CHENG Shang1, CAO Lan1, SHAO You-Quan2, ZHANG Xu-Feng2, GAO Li-Jiao1, GUO Jun1, DAI Rong-Guo1, WANG Rui-Sheng1, LIU Jia-Lin1,*   

  1. (1. Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Rongchang, Chongqing 402460, China; 2. Institute of Horticulture, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China)
  • Online:2015-06-20 Published:2015-06-20

摘要: 【目的】明确意大利蜜蜂Apis mellifera ligustica(简称“意蜂”)对两种油菜(甘蓝型胜利油菜 Brassica napus cv. Shengli和芥菜型马尾油菜 B. juncea cv. Mawei)的气味偏爱性及选择行为特征。【方法】本研究开展大田访花偏爱性试验、室外群体气味偏爱性试验以及室内“Y”型嗅觉仪行为反应和学习记忆试验,测定意蜂蜂群及青年采集蜂对甘蓝型胜利油菜和芥菜型马尾油菜两种油菜花朵的选择次数,并通过采集蜂训练时及训练后的喙伸反应率分析两种油菜花朵气味对采集蜂学习记忆能力的影响,最终评估意蜂蜂群及个体对这两种油茶花朵气味的选择性。【结果】大田试验12:00-13:00时间段,访问胜利油菜的意蜂数量显著高于访问马尾油菜的数量(P<0.05)。群体气味偏爱性试验14:00-15:00时间段意蜂访问胜利油菜的数量显著高于访问马尾油菜的数量(P<0.05)。行为反应试验结果显示意蜂选择胜利油菜的次数(3.86±2.83)显著高于访问马尾油菜的次数(2.28±1.87)(P<0.05)。在学习记忆试验中,随着训练次数的增加,意蜂对两种油菜花朵气味的喙伸反应率逐渐升高,相同的训练次数,意蜂对两种油菜气味的学习能力差异不显著(P>0.05);训练结束后,随着时间的增加,意蜂对胜利油菜及马尾油菜的气味记忆逐渐下降,在24 h对胜利油菜的气味记忆明显高于对马尾油菜的气味记忆(P<0.05)。【结论】本研究证明意蜂较偏爱胜利油菜的花朵气味,花朵气味是影响其采集偏爱的重要因素,气味响应性试验可定量分析蜜蜂对花朵气味的嗅觉敏感性。

关键词: 意大利蜜蜂, 访花行为, 胜利油菜, 马尾油菜, 花朵气味, 行为趋性

Abstract: 【Aim】 The objective of this research is to reveal the odour preference and pollinating behavior characteristics of the Italian honeybee, Apis mellifera ligustica for two rapes, Brassica napus cv. Shengli and B. juncea cv. Mawei. 【Methods】 We conducted the field test of foraging preference, the odour preference test in colonies outdoors, and the olfactory response test with “Y” olfactometer and learning-memory test in the laboratory to evaluate the selective preference of A. mellifera ligustica colonies and foragers for flowers of the two rapes and analyze the memory and learning ability of A. mellifera ligustica foragers by proboscis extension response in training and after training. 【Results】 The number of A. mellifera ligustica bees visiting B. napus cv. Shengli flowers was significantly higher than that visiting B. juncea cv. Mawei during 12:00-13:00 in the field test (P<0.05), but the odour memory ofA. mellifera ligustica bees to B. napus cv. Shengli was significantly higher than that to B. juncea cv. Mawei in the 24 h memory test. 【Conclusion】 This research suggests that A. mellifera ligustica has a preference for visiting B. napus cv. Shengli. The odour of flowers is an important factor affecting foraging preference of A. mellifera ligustica. The test of odour response can be used for the quantitative analysis of olfactory sensitivity in honeybees.

Key words: Apis mellifera ligustica, foraging behavior, Brassica napus cv. Shengli, Brassica juncea cv. Mawei, flower odour, behavioral preference