洛阳地区黄胸木蜂访花植物种类及访花行为

›› 2012, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (4): 444-456.doi:

洛阳地区黄胸木蜂访花植物种类及访花行为

贺春玲, 李雪萍, 张红晓

河南科技大学林学院，河南洛阳 471003

收稿日期:2011-12-30 修回日期:2012-03-29 出版日期:2012-04-20 发布日期:2012-04-20
通讯作者: 贺春玲 E-mail:hechunling68@126.com
作者简介:贺春玲, 女， 1974年生，河南洛阳人，博士，讲师，主要从事昆虫学研究工作, E-mail: hechunling68@126.com
基金资助:
河南科技大学博士基金项目（09001446）

Food plants and foraging behaviors of Xylocopa appendiculata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Luoyang, Henan Province, central China

HE Chun-Ling, LI Xue-Ping, ZHANG Hong-Xiao

Forestry College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China

Received:2011-12-30 Revised:2012-03-29 Online:2012-04-20 Published:2012-04-20
Contact: HE Chun-Ling E-mail:hechunling68@126.com
About author:hechunling68@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确黄胸木蜂Xylocopa appendiculata的访花植物种类和访花行为，为进一步开发和利用木蜂资源奠定基础。【方法】 2009-2011年连续3年，在洛阳地区黄胸木蜂的活动期3-10月，采用目测、拍照等方法记录其访花植物及访花行为，记录和统计访花植物的生物学特征；测量访花植物种类被盗蜜后盗蜜口的大小。【结果】在洛阳地区黄胸木蜂访花植物种类为27科52种，主要的访花植物有25种。采访的植物种类中，忍冬科和豆科植物最多，分别为9种和8种，占采访植物种类的17.31%和15.38%；其中黄胸木蜂盗蜜的植物有16种，占其采访植物种类的30.77%。在采访的植物种类中，黄胸木蜂喜欢采访中等花型、两侧对称的紫色、黄色和白色花。在不同植物上，黄胸木蜂的盗蜜口大小和访花频率不同，黄胸木蜂在臭牡丹上的盗蜜口最大，为9.43±1.91 mm，蝟实上的盗蜜口最小，为3.46±0.98 mm；在紫薇上的访花速度最快，访花频率为25.71±2.36朵/min；在蜀葵上的单花停留时间和访花间隔时间均最长，单花停留时间5.89±3.34 s, 访花间隔时间为2.63±2.04 s。【结论】在洛阳地区黄胸木蜂访花植物种类多、访花时间长。对于不同的植物种类，黄胸木蜂的访花行为和访花频率有差异。

关键词: 黄胸木蜂, 访花植物, 访花行为, 盗蜜行为, 花部特征

Abstract: 【Aim】 For the further development and utilization of the Xylocopa resources, it is necessary to know the food plants and foraging behaviors of X. appendiculata. 【Methods】 From March to October of the past three years (2009-2011), the floral resources of X. appendiculata and its foraging behaviors were observed by visual observation and photographing in fields in Luoyang, Henan Province, central China. Characteristics of plant species utilized as its food resources were recorded. The size of holes in the corolla tube chewed by robbers was measured. 【Results】 In natural habitats, there were 52 plant species in 27 different families in Luoyang, Henan Province, central China visited by X. appendiculata, and 25 of the species were its major plant resources. The species proportions of Caprifoliaceae and Leguminosae families were dominant (17.31% and 15.38% of the total plant species visited, respectively). Sixteen of the 43 plant species were robbed by X. appendiculata, accounting for 30.77% of its visited plants. X. appendiculata prefers flowers which are usually medium-sized, zygomorphic, and purple, yellow, or white colored. Significant variations were found in size of robbing holes and flower visiting frequency of X. appendiculata in different species. Size of robbing holes in Clerodendrum bungei were the maximal (9.43±1.91 mm in diameter), while minimal (3.46±0.98 mm in diameter) in Kolkwitzia amabilis. Flower visiting frequency in Lagerstroemia indica was the highest, 25.71±2.36 flowers per minute; and the duration of each visit and interval time of X. appendiculata between two flowers in Althaea rosea were the highest, 5.89±3.34 s per flower and 2.63±2.04 s between two flowers, respectively. 【Conclusion】 X. appendiculata foraging is characterized by a wide range of food plants and long seasons of activity. Significant variations exist in its foraging behaviors and foraging frequency on different plants.

Key words: Xylocopa appendiculata, food plants, foraging behavior, nectar robbing, flower characteristics

中图分类号:

Q968

贺春玲, 李雪萍, 张红晓 . 洛阳地区黄胸木蜂访花植物种类及访花行为[J]. , 2012, 55(4): 444-456.

HE Chun-Ling, LI Xue-Ping, ZHANG Hong-Xiao. Food plants and foraging behaviors of Xylocopa appendiculata (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in Luoyang, Henan Province, central China[J]. , 2012, 55(4): 444-456.

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