小蓬草精油对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性和成分分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】明确小蓬草Conyza canadensis ( L.) Cronq.精油的杀虫潜力及其活性成分。【方法】通过浸虫法和密闭熏蒸法测试了小蓬草精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus和致倦库蚊Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus幼虫及成蚊的毒杀活性, 并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对精油的挥发性成分进行了定性分析。【结果】小蓬草精油对白纹伊蚊1-4龄期幼虫及蛹的24 h LC50值分别为25.01， 45.88， 56.94， 64.60和346.23 μg/mL；对致倦库蚊幼虫1-4龄期幼虫及蛹的24 h LC₅₀值分别为9.16， 8.65， 32.12， 43.68和197.83 μg/mL。在剂量分别为48， 64， 80， 96， 112和128 μg/cm3时，小蓬草精油对白纹伊蚊成蚊的KT₅₀值分别为28.81， 22.31， 20.38， 17.05， 13.92和9.74 min；对致倦库蚊的KT50值分别为34.90， 32.97， 23.97， 19.60， 15.20和10.34 min。 24 h熏蒸对白纹伊蚊和致倦库蚊成蚊的LC50值分别是75.46和99.19 μg/cm³。小蓬草精油的GCMS定性分析共分离鉴定出31种化合物，其中单萜类物质6种，倍半萜烯类物质17种，含氧萜烯类6种。【结论】结果表明小蓬草精油对这两种蚊虫的毒杀活性较高，具有深开发潜力。

关键词: 小蓬草, 植物精油, 白纹伊蚊, 致倦库蚊, 毒杀活性, 化学成分

Abstract: 【Aim】 To study the insecticidal potential and active ingredients of essential oil from horseweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. 【Methods】 The insecticidal activity of the essential oil against Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was assayed with immersion method and fumigation method. The volatile components of this oil were also qualitatively analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. 【Results】 The LC50 values of the essential oil from C. canadensis against the 1st-4th instar larvae and pupae of Ae. albopictus at 24 h after treatment were 25.01, 45.88, 56.94, 64.60 and 346.23 μg/mL, respectively, while those against the 1st-4th instar larvae and pupae of Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were 9.16, 8.65, 32.12, 43.68 and 197.83 μg/mL, respectively. At the dosages of 48, 64, 80, 96, 112 and 128 μg/cm³, the KT₅₀ values of the essential oil from C. canadensis against adults of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus were 28.81, 22.31, 20.38, 17.05, 13.92 and 9.74 min, and 34.90, 32.97, 23.97, 19.60, 15.20 and 10.34 min, respectively. The LC₅₀values of the essential oil against adults of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus at 24 h after fumigation were 75.46 and 99.19 μg/cm³, respectively. Thirty-one compounds were separated and identified from volatiles of C. canadensis essential oil, including 6 monoterpenes, 17 sesquiterpenes and 6 oxygenated sesquiterpenes. 【Conclusion】 These results demonstrate that the insecticidal activity of C. canadensis essential oil against the two mosquito species is remarkable and the oil has a potential for further development.

Key words: Conyza canadensis, plant essential oil, Aedes albopictus, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, insecticidal activity, chemical components

曾冬琴，彭映辉，陈飞飞，张云，刘敏. 小蓬草精油对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性和成分分析[J]. , 2014, 57(2): 204-211.

ZENG Dong-Qin, PENG Ying-Hui, CHEN Fei-Fei, ZHANG Yun, LIU Min. Insecticidal activity of essential oil derived from horseweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. against two mosquitoes and its volatile components[J]. , 2014, 57(2): 204-211.

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小蓬草精油对两种蚊虫的毒杀活性和成分分析

Insecticidal activity of essential oil derived from horseweed Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. against two mosquitoes and its volatile components

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