昆虫学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (2): 148-155.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.02.004

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

食物营养对黑腹果蝇中肠干细胞的影响

唐润东1, 毛菲菲 2,*   

  1. (1. 上海市文来中学, 上海 201101; 2. 上海科技大学免疫化学研究所, 上海 201210)
  • 出版日期:2016-02-20 发布日期:2016-02-20
  • 作者简介:唐润东, 男, 2000年生, 浙江鄞县人, 文来中学初三学生, 研究方向为果蝇习性及发育, E-mail: rundongtang@sina.com

Effects of food nutrients on the midgut stem cells of Drosophila melanogaster

TANG Run-Dong1, MAO Fei-Fei2,*   

  1. (1. Shanghai Wenlai Middle School, Shanghai 201101, China; 2. Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China)
  • Online:2016-02-20 Published:2016-02-20

摘要: 【目的】研究市场上常见的几种儿童、青少年较为喜爱的小食品的主要营养成分,及其对黑腹果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster的体重、发育等的影响,进而探讨膳食中营养均衡的重要性。【方法】采用双缩脲法、苏丹Ⅲ染色法及碘酒染色法分别对食物中的蛋白质、脂肪及淀粉含量进行测定。分别用基础培养基或实验用食品配制的培养基培养黑腹果蝇,待果蝇卵孵化后,取一定数量果蝇个体进行称重,并对果蝇中肠进行解剖和免疫荧光染色,观察果蝇肠道发育情况。【结果】基础食物(培养基)中的蛋白质、脂肪及淀粉含量配比较为均衡,而实验用零食有些脂肪含量较高,有些蛋白质含量较高,有些淀粉含量较高,配比严重失衡。淀粉及脂肪含量均较高的食物能引起果蝇体重超重;同时果蝇肠道细胞Arm/Pros的染色显著增加,显示肠道干细胞数目显著增加,另外果蝇肠壁明显加厚;而食物中淀粉或蛋白质严重缺失的食物则引起果蝇发育障碍。其中,在高碳水化合物但几乎没有蛋白质存在的食物中,果蝇干细胞数目同样增加很多,肠壁加厚,但其体重显著降低,同时发育迟缓。在高蛋白高脂肪低碳水化合物的食物中,中肠干细胞数目明显减少,果蝇肠壁变薄,发育受到影响。将几种实验组食物按照基础食物的蛋白质、脂肪及淀粉含量进行配比混合,模拟营养的均衡配比,喂养果蝇后发现,营养成分配比均衡极大地缓解配比失衡后所造成的中肠损伤,并使果蝇的个体发育恢复均衡。【结论】食物中的营养失衡会显著影响果蝇的体重以及肠壁和肠道干细胞的数目,导致果蝇体重下降或上升,肠道细胞增殖功能紊乱,对果蝇发育产生严重影响。这些结果提示了儿童偏好零食引起的营养不良和过度肥胖及肠道功能障碍,因此建议青少年儿童不能偏好零食,要做到合理膳食,营养均衡。

关键词: 黒腹果蝇, 小食品, 营养均衡, 发育, 体重, 中肠

Abstract: 【Aim】 The objective of this research is to assess the effects of some snacks in the market on the weight and development of Drosophila melanogaster and then to explore the importance of nutrition balance in the diet for children. 【Methods】 The contents of proteins, fat and carbohydrates of the experimental snacks were detected by Biuret method, Sudan Ⅲ staining method, and iodine tincture staining method, respectively. Fruit flies were reared in the standard food (basal culture medium) or the foods made from the experimental snacks. Five days after egg hatching, the weight of the adults was measured and the midgut was dissected for immunofluorescence experiments. 【Results】 The contents of proteins, fat and carbohydrates in the basal culture medium of D. melanogaster were more balanced, while the experimental snacks were rich in only one kind of these components with imbalanced nutrients. Snacks with high contents of carbohydrates and fat caused fruit flies to be overweight. Meanwhile, theArm/Pros signal of the midgut cells increased significantly, indicating a great increase of stem cells. In addition, the wall of midgut was thickened. Foods lacking carbohydrates or proteins caused developmental disorders Foods with high content of carbohydrates but lacking proteins induced an increase of midgut stem cells, thickening of the midgut wall while loss of weight and slow development. At the same time, foods with high contents of proteins and fat but lacking carbohydrates caused decrease of stem cells, thinning of midgut wall and developmental disorder. For the fruit flies fed with the experimental snacks balanced according to the nutrient proportion of the basal culture medium, the midgut injury and the whole development were improved. 【Conclusion】 Imbalance of nutrition can significantly affect the individual weight, midgut wall and number of stem cells, and then lead to abnormal development in D. melanogaster. Intestinal disorder has a serious impact on its development. These results suggest that favoring snacks only can cause malnutrition, obesity and intestinal dysfunction to children, young children should not prefer snacks only, and the reasonable diet and balanced nutrition are important.

Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, snacks, nutrient balance, development, weight, midgut