昆虫学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (3): 327-333.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2020.03.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

川硬皮肿腿蜂在松褐天牛幼虫上的合作繁育行为

赵琪, 孟玲, 李保平*   

  1. (南京农业大学植物保护学院, 农作物生物灾害综合治理教育部重点实验室, 南京 210095)
  • 出版日期:2020-03-20 发布日期:2020-04-16

Cooperatively breeding behavior of Sclerodermus sichuanensis (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) on the host Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

ZHAO Qi, MENG Ling, LI Bao-Ping*   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China)
  • Online:2020-03-20 Published:2020-04-16

摘要: 【目的】硬皮肿腿蜂Sclerodermus spp.在寄生蜂中独有雌蜂合作繁育的准社会行为。本研究旨在明确该合作繁育行为在非自然寄主天牛上有何表现。【方法】随机选取松褐天牛Monochamus alternatus幼虫(体重范围0.16~0.44 g),个体称体重后分别接1, 2和4头已交配但尚未产卵的川硬皮肿腿蜂S. sichuanensis雌蜂即母蜂,观测母蜂产卵前期和子代发育表现等参数,分析寄主体重(连续自变量)和接蜂数(分类自变量)对这些参数的影响。【结果】对所有观测参数的分析未发现寄主体重与接蜂数这两因素之间存在互作影响,说明这两个因素独立影响观测特征。川硬皮肿腿蜂母蜂产卵前期随寄主体重增大而逐渐延长,但在母蜂数较多的情况下产卵前期缩短:接4头蜂处理下产卵前期比接1和2头处理下的产卵前期分别缩短18.3%和20.6%。按照母蜂平均产子代蜂数量(蜂均产蜂量)计算,接1头蜂处理下的蜂均产蜂量分别是接2和4头蜂处理下的蜂均产蜂量的1.5和3.3倍;蜂均产蜂量不受寄主体重的影响。子代蜂性比(雄蜂占比)在接蜂数较多处理下略有增大,但仍然极端偏雌;性比不受寄主体重的影响。子代卵至成虫存活率在接4头母蜂处理下最低,比接1和2头母蜂处理下分别降低37.4%和30.5%;子代卵至成虫存活率不受寄主体重的影响。子代蜂体型(后足胫节长度)随寄主体重增大而增大,但不受接蜂数的影响。【结论】本研究结果说明,在合作利用体型较大的非自然寄主时,母蜂数量比寄主体型大小对川硬皮肿腿蜂的合作繁育行为产生更大的影响。

关键词: 松褐天牛, 川硬皮肿腿蜂, 社会行为, 合作, 育幼, 寄生性天敌, 生物防治

Abstract: 【Aim】 Sclerodermus spp. are unique in parasitoids for cooperative brood care by foundresses, an uncommon quasi-social behavior. This study aims to investigate how foundresses perform such cooperatively breeding behaviors on an unnatural yet larger host. 【Methods】 The larvae of the long-horned beetle Monochamus alternatus with the body weight ranging from 0.16 to 0.44 g were selected at random, individually weighed, and then parasitized by 1, 2 and 4 foundresses (mated and naive female adults) of S. sichuanensis, respectively. The foundress preoviposition time and offspring developmental parameters of S. sichuanensis were measured, and the effects of host body weight (as a continuous predictor variable) and foundress number (factorial predictor variable) on these parameters were analyzed. 【Results】 All of the observed variables were not influenced by an interaction between host body weight and foundress number, suggesting that the two factors are independent from each other in their effects on the measured performances. The pre-oviposition time of S. sichuanensis was prolonged with the increase in host body weight, but the pre-oviposition time under the 4-foundress treatment was shortened by 18.3% and 20.6%, respectively, as compared to those under the 1- and 2-foundress treatments. The average number of offspring parasitoids per foundress of S. sichuanensis under the 1-foundress treatment was 1.5 and 3.3 times as high as those under the 2- and 4-foundress treatments, respectively. The average number of offspring parasitoids per foundress did not vary with the host body weight. The offspring sex ratios (proportion of males) of S. sichuanensis under the 2- and 4-foundress treatments slightly increased as compared to that under the 1-foudress treatment and were ultra female-biased. The offspring sex ratio of S. sichuanensis did not vary with the host body weight. The egg-to-adult survival rate of S. sichuanensis offspring under the 4-foundress treatment decreased by 37.4% and 30.5%, respectively, as compared to those under the 1- and 2-foundress treatments. The egg-to-adult survival rate of S. sichuanensis offspring did not vary with the host body weight. The offspring body size (hind tibia length) of S. sichuanensis increased as an increasing function of host body weight, but was not influenced by foundress number. 【Conclusion】 The results of this study suggest that the cooperatively breeding performance of S. sichuanensis parasitoids on a large and unnatural host depends more on the foundress number than on the host body size.

Key words: Monochamus alternatus, Sclerodermus sichuanensis, quasi-social behavior, cooperation, brood tending, parasite natural enemies, biological control