三种稻田常见螯蜂对半翅目害虫的寄主偏好性及控害作用

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2020.08.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探明两色食虱螯蜂Echthrodelphax fairchildii、黄腿双距螯蜂Gonatopus flavifemur和稻虱红单节螯蜂Haplogonatopus apicalis 3种稻田常见螯蜂对半翅目害虫的寄主偏好性及控害作用。【方法】在非选择条件下，分别以褐飞虱Nilaparvata lugens、白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera、灰飞虱Laodelphax striatellus、黑尾叶蝉Nephotettix cincticeps和伪褐飞虱Nilaparvata muiri为寄主，观察两色食虱螯蜂、黄腿双距螯蜂和稻虱红单节螯蜂的取食、寄生以及子代生长发育情况；并在选择条件下观察3种螯蜂对稻飞虱的寄主选择性，评价螯蜂的寄主偏好性。根据以上试验，评出3种螯蜂各自的适宜寄主；并选择适宜寄主测定3种螯蜂的寿命、取食量和寄生量，评价其控害作用。【结果】两色食虱螯蜂可取食和寄生褐飞虱、灰飞虱、白背飞虱和伪褐飞虱，以前3种为两色食虱螯蜂的适宜寄主，伪褐飞虱次之；黑尾叶蝉为其非取食、寄生寄主。黄腿双距螯蜂可取食和寄生4种飞虱：褐飞虱和灰飞虱适合性较高，白背飞虱次之，伪褐飞虱最差。黑尾叶蝉可为黄腿双距螯蜂的取食寄主，但非寄生寄主。稻虱红单节螯蜂以白背飞虱为最适寄主，灰飞虱次之；其他3种寄主仅能被稻虱红单节螯蜂取食，不能被成功寄生。在适宜寄主上，稻虱红单节螯蜂雌虫的寿命、总取食和寄生合计量均最高，两色食虱螯蜂的最低，黄腿双距螯蜂的居中；3种螯蜂日均取食量和寄生量的消长动态波动幅度不大。【结论】两色食虱螯蜂偏好寄生褐飞虱、灰飞虱和白背飞虱，控害作用相对最弱；黄腿双距螯蜂偏好寄生褐飞虱和灰飞虱，控害作用居中；稻虱红单节螯蜂偏好寄生白背飞虱，控害作用最强。

关键词: 两色食虱螯蜂, 黄腿双距螯蜂, 稻虱红单节螯蜂, 半翅目害虫, 寄主选择性, 成虫寿命, 取食寄主, 寄生

Abstract: 【Aim】 This study aims at exploring the host preferences and control effects of three common rice field dryinids (Echthrodelphax fairchildii, Gonatopus flavifemur and Haplogonatopus apicalis) on hemipteran pests. 【Methods】 Under the non-choice conditions, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, Laodelphax striatellus, Nephotettix cincticeps and Nilaparvata muiri were used as hosts for the three dryinids, E. fairchildii, G. flavifemurand H. apicalis, to observe their host-feeding, parasitism activities and offspring development. And the selectivity of the three dryinids on planthoppers was also observed under the choice conditions. On the basis of above tests, the suitable host for each of the three dryinids was evaluated. The suitable hosts were used to study the longevity, host-feeding and parasitism activities for evaluating the control effects of these three dryinids. 【Results】 E. fairchildii could feed on and parasitize N. lugens, L. striatellus, S. furcifera and N. muiri, and the first three planthoppers were more suitable hosts than N. muiri, while N. cincticeps could not be fed upon or parasitized by E. fairchildii. G. flavifemur could feed on and parasitize four species of planthoppers: N. lugens and L. striatellus were highly adaptable hosts for G. flavifemur followed by S. furcifera and then N. muiri. N. cincticeps could be fed upon but not parasitized by G. flavifemur. For H. apicalis, S. furcifera was the most suitable host followed by L. striatellus, while the other three hosts could only be fed on but not parasitized by H. apicalis successfully. On the suitable hosts, H. apicalis females had the longest longevity and the highest total numbers of planthoppers fed upon and parasitized, then G. flavifemur, and finally E. fairchildii, and there was a slight fluctuation in the diurnal variations of host-feeding and parasitism amounts of the three dryinids. 【Conclusion】 E. fairchildii prefers to parasitize N. lugens, L. striatellus and S. furcifera, but its control effect is the lowest. G. flavifemur prefers to parasitize N. lugens and L. striatellus, and it has a medium control effect. H. apicalis prefers to parasitize S. furcifera with the best control effect.

Key words: Echthrodelphax fairchildii, Gonatopus flavifemur, Haplogonatopus apicalis; hemipteran pests, host selectivity, adult longevity, host feeding, parasitism

何雨婷, 何佳春, 魏琪, 赖凤香, 杨中侠, 傅强. 三种稻田常见螯蜂对半翅目害虫的寄主偏好性及控害作用[J]. 昆虫学报, 2020, 63(8): 999-1009.

HE Yu-Ting, HE Jia-Chun, WEI Qi, LAI Feng-Xiang, YANG Zhong-Xia, FU Qiang. Host preferences and control effects of three common rice field dryinids on hemipteran pests[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2020, 63(8): 999-1009.

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三种稻田常见螯蜂对半翅目害虫的寄主偏好性及控害作用

Host preferences and control effects of three common rice field dryinids on hemipteran pests

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