关键词: 古建筑, 壁画, 土遗址, 生物劣化, 害虫防治

Abstract:  Unmovable cultural relics are important physical materials that reflect the development of social productivity and social life in the past. They are important research objects for cultural relics, with extremely high historical, artistic and scientific values. Unmovable cultural relics suffer from various deterioration effects for being outdoors. Biodeterioration caused by pests is one of the important reasons for cultural relics damage. Among unmovable cultural relics, ancient buildings, murals and earthen sites are particularly affected by insect pests. According to the classification of cultural relics, we expounded on the main types and mechanisms of insect pests in ancient buildings, murals and earthen sites, and summarized the current methods of pest control in these cultural relics in this article. Physical and chemical control methods are traditionally used to prevent and control pests in cultural relics. The chemical methods are rapid and highly effective ways to kill insects, but chemical agents have brought great pollution to the ecological environment, and the vulnerability of cultural relics restricts the use of chemical insecticides. At present, many long-acting and environment-friendly green insecticides have greatly improved traditional chemical methods. In addition, biological control methods that use biological natural enemies or parasitic organisms to control pests not only have small impacts on the ecosystem but also have a long-lasting effect, which is a hotspot in research on new pest control. However, whether the new species used to control the pests will do harm to cultural relics needs to be further studied. Pest control of cultural relics is a cross-research field, and the methods in architecture, agriculture and other fields have great enlightening significance and reference value. Finally, we discussed and prospected the current situation of common pest control research of unmovable cultural relics, hoping to provide a reference for the research of pest control in cultural relics.

Key words: Ancient building, mural, earthen site, biodeterioration, pest control