昆虫学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (4): 431-440.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2017.04.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

沙地木虱跳小蜂对枸杞木虱的寄生生物学特性

巫鹏翔1, 2, 马宝旭1, 2, 徐婧1, 张蓉3, 何嘉3, 张润志1,*   

  1. (1. 中国科学院动物研究所农业虫害鼠害综合治理研究国家重点实验室, 北京100101; 2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 3. 宁夏农林科学院植物保护研究所,银川 750002)
  • 出版日期:2017-04-20 发布日期:2017-04-20

Parasitic biological characteristics of Psyllaephagus arenarius (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae) on Paratrioza sinica (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

WU Peng-Xiang1, 2, MA Bao-Xu1, 2, XU Jing1, ZHANG Rong3, HE Jia3,ZHANG Run-Zhi1,*   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Institute of Plant Protection,Ningxia Academy of Agro-Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan 750002, China)
  • Online:2017-04-20 Published:2017-04-20

摘要: 【目的】了解沙地木虱跳小蜂Psyllaephagus arenarius对枸杞木虱Paratrioza sinica的寄生作用, 为合理利用沙地木虱跳小蜂防治枸杞木虱提供科学依据。【方法】在室内观察了沙地木虱跳小蜂的形态和寄生特征,通过室内实验测定了其对枸杞木虱若虫的寄生偏好性、寄生功能反应、种内干扰效应和寄主识别能力,并在宁夏中宁田间调查了该寄生蜂的田间寄生特征。【结果】沙地木虱跳小蜂是枸杞木虱若虫重要的寄生性天敌,为单寄生蜂与内寄生蜂,最偏好寄生枸杞木虱4龄若虫,偏好系数为0.44±0.02,而不偏好寄生3龄和5龄若虫,且不寄生1龄与2龄若虫。寄生蜂对4龄若虫的最大寄生量、搜寻效率系数、处理时间系数分别为40.3头、0.8688和0.0243,均优于寄生3龄和5龄若虫。沙地木虱跳小蜂受到的种内干扰系数为0.3856,且对已被寄生的木虱寄主具有明显的辨别能力。沙地木虱跳小蜂田间发生期为6月下旬到9月中旬,正处于3-5龄木虱若虫第2代发生高峰期,发生期平均寄生率为44.2%±6.7%,其中寄生率顶峰为89.7%±12.2%,发生在7月4日。沙地木虱跳小蜂在植株下层寄生率是上中下3层中最高,为58.1%±6.8%;在植株西向寄生率是5个方位中最高,为51.4%±8.2%;对4龄若虫寄生率是木虱若虫龄期中最高,为69.7%±3.1%。【结论】研究表明,沙地木虱跳小蜂是具有控制潜力的寄生性天敌,人工释放该新纪录寄生蜂可有效控制枸杞木虱若虫,降低木虱为害。

关键词: 沙地木虱跳小蜂, 枸杞木虱, 枸杞, 寄生特性, 寄生偏好性, 寄生功能反应, 种内干扰效应, 寄主识别能力

Abstract: 【Aim】 To study the parasitism of Psyllaephagus arenarius on Poratrioza sinica, so as to provide the scientific basis for wise use of P. arenarius to control P. sinica.【Methods】 The morphological and parasitic characteristics of P. arenarius were observed in the laboratory, the parasitism preference, parasitism functional response, mutual interference and host discrimination of P. arenarius wasps on P. sinica nymphs were assessed through the laboratory  experiments, and the parasitic characteristics of this parasitoid in the field was also investigated in Zhongning, Ningxia, northwestern China. 【Results】 The results showed that P. arenarius is both solitary and endoparasitoid. P. arenarius preferred to parasitize on the 4th instar nymphs of P. sinica rather than on the 3rd and the 5th instar nymphs, with the preference coefficient of 0.44±0.02, while did not parasitize on the 1st and 2nd instar nymphs. The maximum parasitic amount, searching efficiency,processing time of P. arenarius on the 4th instar nymphs of P. sinica were 40.3, 0.8688 and 0.0243, respectively. The coefficient of mutual interference of P. arenarius within species was 0.3856, and P. arenarius wasps had significant host discrimination. The occurrence of P. arenarius lasted from late June to mid September, which overlapped with that of the 3rd-5th instar nymphs of the 2nd generation of P. sinica. The average parasitism rate of P. arenarius was 44.2%±6.7%, and the maximum parasitism rate (89.7%±12.2%) happened on 4 July. The parasitism rates of P. arenarius were the highest at lower hierarchy of plants (58.1%±6.8%) among three hierarchies of plants, in the west of plants (51.4%±8.2%) among five directions and on the 4th instar nymphs of P. sinica (69.7%±3.1%) among different larval instars. 【Conclusion】 The results suggestthat P. arenarius is one of parasitic natural enemies with the potential to control P. sinica, and artificial releasing of this parasitoid, a newly recorded species in China, might effectively control P. sinica nymphs and alleviate their damage in the field.

Key words: Psyllaephagus arenarius, Poratrioza sinica, Lycium chinense, parasitic characteristics, parasitism preference, parasitism functional response, mutual interference, host discrimination