›› 2018, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (2): 232-239.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2018.02.010

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同寄主植物对美国白蛾幼虫取食行为及解毒酶活性的影响

李路莎, 袁郁斐, 武磊, 陈敏*   

  1. (北京林业大学林木有害生物防治北京市重点实验室, 北京 100083)
  • 出版日期:2018-02-20 发布日期:2018-02-20

Effects of host plants on the feeding behavior and detoxification enzyme activities in Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) larvae

LI Lu-Sha, YUAN Yu-Fei, WU Lei, CHEN Min*   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Beijing for Control to Forest Pest, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China)
  • Online:2018-02-20 Published:2018-02-20

摘要: 【目的】明确美国白蛾Hyphantria cunea对常见寄主植物的取食偏好,依据寄主植物中次生物质的含量及美国白蛾幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶和解毒酶活性来探明美国白蛾对寄主植物的取食策略。【方法】以北京地区美国白蛾危害程度不同的8种植物(桑Morus alba、洋白蜡Fraxinus pennsylvanica、臭椿Ailanthus altissima、白榆Ulmus pumila、黑杨Populus nigra、垂柳Salix babylonica、西府海棠Malus micromalus和金银木Lonicera maackii)为寄主,通过室内饲养,测定美国白蛾4龄幼虫对不同寄主植物叶片的取食量、选择率及营养效应指标,划分其对寄主植物的取食偏好。对8种寄主植物中类黄酮、总酚、单宁含量以及取食不同寄主植物叶片的美国白蛾4龄幼虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和解毒酶活性进行测定。【结果】美国白蛾4龄幼虫对不同寄主植物具有选择差异,选择率大小则为洋白蜡和臭椿>桑>白榆>西府海棠、垂柳和金银木>黑杨。寄主植物叶片中类黄酮的含量与幼虫的取食量呈显著负相关(r=-0.657,P=0.017)。不同寄主植物对美国白蛾具有不同的营养效应。金银木饲喂组近似消化率(0.97%±0.01%)最高,相对取食量(2.92±0.49 g/g·d)也较高,但食物利用率(0.005%±0.01%)、食物转化率(0.005%±0.008%)和相对生长率(0.007±0.02 g/g·d)最低;西府海棠饲喂组相对生长率(0.34±0.04 g/g·d)最高,近似消化率(0.72%±0.10%)、食物利用率(0.16%±0.01%)、食物转化率(0.24%±0.06%)和相对取食量(2.19±0.38 g/g·d)均处于较高水平。取食不同寄主植物的美国白蛾幼虫乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、羧酸酯酶(CarE)和昆虫细胞色素P450(P450)的活性存在显著差异(P<0.01)。【结论】美国白蛾幼虫对不同寄主植物存在取食选择和营养效应差异,幼虫灵活的取食策略以及解毒代谢调节能力可能是其适应不同寄主的主要原因。

关键词: 美国白蛾, 寄主植物, 类黄酮, 营养效应, 乙酰胆碱酯酶, 解毒酶

Abstract: 【Aim】 The objective of this study is to quantify the feeding preference of Hyphantria cunea to different host plants and to verify its feeding strategy based on the contents of secondary metabolites in host plants and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and detoxification enzymes in H. cunea larvae. 【Methods】Eight plants including Morus alba, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Ailanthus altissima, Ulmus pumila, Populus nigra, Salix babylonica, Malus micromalus and Lonicera maackii in different damaged degrees in Beijing were selected as the host plants to raise H. cunea larvae. The feeding preference of the 4th instar larvae of H. cunea to these host plants was evaluated by measuring their feeding amount, selectivity and nutritional efficiency on leaves of different host plants. The contents of flavonoids, total phenols and tannin in host plants, and the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AchE), glutathione S transferases (GSTs), carboxylesterase (CarE) and cytochrome P450 (P450) in the 4th instar larvae of H. cunea fed on leaves of different host plants were assayed. 【Results】 The 4th instar larvae of H. cunea had different selectivity to host plants, and the preference order was F. pennsylvanica and A. altissima>M. alba>U. pumila>M. micromalus, S. babylonica and L. maackii>P. nigra. The flavonoid content in host plant leaves was negatively correlated with the feeding amount of H. cunea larvae (r=-0.657, P=0.017). The larvae feeding on different plants had different nutritional efficiency. H. cunea larvae fed on L. maackii had the highest approximate digestibility (AD) (0.97%±0.01%), relatively high relative consumption rate (RCR) (2.92±0.49 g/g·d), and the lowest efficiency of conversation of ingested food (ECI) (0.005±0.01%), efficiency of conversation of digested food (ECD) (0.005%±0.008%) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.007±0.02 g/g·d). In addition, the larvae feeding on M. micromalus had the highest RGR (0.34±0.04 g/g·d) and relatively high levels of AD (0.72%±0.10%), ECI (0.16±0.01%), ECD (0.24%±0.06%) and RCR (2.19±0.38 g/g·d). The activities of AchE, GSTs, CarE and P450 in H. cunea larvae fed on different host plants were significantly different (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】 H. cunea larvae have different feeding preference and nutritional efficiency on different host plants. Their flexible feeding strategy and detoxification mechanism may be the main reasons for strong adaptability of this insect to different host plants.

Key words: Hyphantria cunea, host plants, flavonoids, nutritional efficiency, acetylcholinesterase, detoxification enzymes