昆虫学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 64 ›› Issue (10): 1187-1195.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2021.10.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

转基因杨树林下种植转基因棉花对转基因杨棉复合系统内节肢动物群落多样性的影响

沈文静, 刘来盘, 方志翔, 张莉, 刘标*   

  1. (生态环境部南京环境科学研究所, 南京 210042)
  • 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-09-22

Effects of planting transgenic cotton beneath transgenic poplar trees on the diversity of arthropod community in the transgenic poplar-cotton composite system

SHEN Wen-Jing, LIU Lai-Pan, FANG Zhi-Xiang, ZHANG Li, LIU Biao*   

  1.  (Nanjing Institute of Environment Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China)
  • Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-09-22

摘要:

【目的】转Bt基因棉花和转Bt基因杨树在我国已推广使用。本研究的目的是调查和分析不同转基因杨棉复合系统内地上节肢动物群落多样性变化,为转基因杨树大规模应用提供生态安全方面的数据。【方法】2019年4-10月,在河北任丘采取欧洲黑杨Populus nigra林下种植转基因棉花Gossypium hirsutum的模式,设置转基因杨树转基因棉花(复合生态系统1)和非转基因杨树-转基因棉花(复合生态系统2)两种杨棉复合系统,调查杨树和棉花地上部植株节肢动物种类和个体数量,比较节肢动物各功能群的物种数量和个体数量以及香农指数、优势集中性指数、均匀度指数等群落多样性指数,并测定了转基因杨树和棉花叶片Bt蛋白含量。【结果】复合生态系统1中转基因杨树和棉花各自植株上鳞翅目种群累计个体数均显著低于复合生态系统2相应植株上的个体数量。转基因杨树上叶甲类累计个体数量显著高于非转基因杨树上的,寄生蜂类累计个体数量则显著低于非转基因杨树上的。在6月5日、6月21日和9月7日的调查中,转基因杨树上的节肢动物群落香农指数显著高于非转基因杨树上的。除鳞翅目害虫外,2个复合系统中棉株上节肢动物各功能群累计个体数量无显著性差异,香农指数、优势集中性指数和均匀度指数随时间变化的趋势基本一致且同一调查时间无显著性差异,仅在8月17调查中复合生态系统1中棉株上节肢动物香农指数显著高于复合生态系统2棉株上的。将杨树和棉花上节肢动物各类群累计数量相加作为系统整体,复合生态系统1和复合生态系统2在香农指数、优势集中性指数和均匀度指数数值上无显著差异。在调查后期,2个复合系统中节肢动物种群均向杨树叶片聚集。转基因棉花叶片Bt蛋白含量在各调查期均显著高于转基因杨树叶片的。【结论】转基因杨树对靶标害虫种群数量有较好的控制作用,对同系统内棉花上鳞翅目害虫数量亦有协同控制作用。转基因杨棉复合系统中地上节肢动物群落结构稳定,对系统内棉花地上部节肢动物群落多样性无显著影响。靶标害虫对转Bt基因杨树的抗性发展需持续监测。

关键词: 杨树, 棉花, 林下种植, 转基因植物; 杨棉复合系统, 节肢动物群落, 生物多样性, Bt杀虫蛋

Abstract:

【Aim】 The transgenic Bt cotton and poplar have been widely used in China. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the composition and diversity of the above-ground arthropod community in the transgenic poplar-cotton composite system, so as to provide basic data for the application of transgenic poplar. 【Methods】  Two popla-cotton composite systems, transgenic poplar-transgenic cotton (composite system 1) and non-transgenic poplar-transgenic cotton (composite system 2), were constructed at a farmland in Renqiu City of Hebei Province, North China. The transgenic cotton (Gossypium hirsutu) plants were planted under the newly planted poplar (Populus nigra). The composition (the species and number of individuals) and diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener index, dominance concentration index and Pielou index) of arthropod community on polar and cotton plants in the two poplarcotton composite systems were investigated from April to October in 2019. The dynamics of Bt insecticidal protein content in leaves of transgenic poplar and cotton was also detected.【Results】 The numbers of individuals of lepidopteran pests both on transgenic poplar and cotton plants in composite system 1 were significantly lower than those on the corresponding plants in composite system 2. The number of individuals of leaf beetles on transgenic poplars was significantly higher than that on non-transgenic poplars, while the number of individuals of parasitic wasps on transgenic poplars was significantly lower than that on nontransgenic poplars. The Shannon-Wiener index of the arthropod community on transgenic poplars was significantly higher than that on non-transgenic poplars on June 5, June 21, and September 7. The numbers of various functional groups of arthropod communities except Lepidoptera on cotton plants in the two composite systems had no significant difference. The Shannon-Wiener index, dominance concentration index and evenness index of arthropod community on cotton plants in the two composite systems had the similar dynamic trend, and showed no significant differences at the same investigation time. The only exception was the Shannon-Wiener index on August 17, which was significantly higher on cotton plants of composite system 1 than on cotton plants of composite system 2. The cumulative numbers of various functional groups from cotton and polar plants were summed and analyzed as the whole composite system, and the result showed that there was no significant difference in Shannon-Wiener index, dominance concentration index and evenness index of arthropod community between composite system 1 and compositesystem 2. Arthropod  populations were aggregated to poplar leaves during the late investigation period. The Bt insecticidal protein contents on transgenic cotton plants were extremely higher than those on transgenic poplars through the whole growth season. 【Conclusion】 The transgenic poplar can control target insects, and have a synergistic effect against lepidopteran pests on cotton. The community structure of above-ground arthropods in the transgenic poplar-cotton composite system is stable, without significant effect on the diversity of the above-ground arthropod community on cotton plants. It is necessary to persistently detect and monitor the development of insect resistance to transgenic Bt poplar.

Key words: Poplar, cotton, underwood planting, transgenic plant, poplar-cotton composite system, arthropod community, biodiversity, Bt insecticidal protein