关键词: 地熊蜂, 农药, 经口毒性, 接触毒性, 生态风险, 设施农业

Abstract: 【Aim】 To assess the ecological risk of common pesticides to Bombus terrestris, so as to provide a scientific basis for the rational application of pesticides in greenhouses. 【Methods】 The acute oral toxicity and acute contact toxicity of eleven pesticides, including six insecticides (chlorfenapyr, beta-cyhalothrin, flupyradifurone, spirotetramat, isoprocarb, and diflubenzuron), three acaricides (cyflumetofen, fenpyroximate, and bifenazate), and two fungicides (kasugamycin and boscalid), to adult workers of B. terrestris were determined by feeding method and contact method, respectively, and their ecological risk was assessed. 【Results】 Among the 11 pesticides tested, beta-cyhalothrin, isoprocarb and chlorfenapyr showed high acute oral toxicity, flupyradifurone and fenpyroximate showed medium acute oral toxicity, and the others showed low acute oral toxicity to B. terrestris workers. In the acute contact toxicity test, beta-cyhalothrin and isoprocarb showed high toxicity, chlorfenapyr showed medium toxicity, and the others showed low toxicity to B. terrestris workers. The ecological risk assessment showed that isoprocarb and beta-cyhalothrin had medium risk, and flupyradifurone, boscalid, diflubenzuron, fenpyroximate, bifenazate, spirotetramat, kasugamycin and cyflumetofen had low risk to B. terrestris workers via oral and contact exposure, while chlorfenapyr had medium risk via oral exposure and low risk via contact exposure to B.terrestris workers. 【Conclusion】 It is suggested that isoprocarb, beta-cyhalothrin and chlorfenapyr with medium risk should be banned when using B. terrestris pollination in the flowering period of greenhouse crops, flupyradifurone and fenpyroximate should be used cautiously to avoid harm to B. terrestris, while the other six low toxic pesticides could be applied reasonably according to the field conditions, and the ecological risk of pesticides to bumblebees can be reduced by means of ventilation, air drying and interval setting.

Key words: Bombus terrestris, pesticides, oral toxicity, contact toxicity, ecological risk, facility agriculture