大蒜素调控黑腹果蝇产卵偏嗜性和适合度

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2022.02.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究果蝇对大蒜素的产卵选择，并解析果蝇产卵避性的机制和生物学意义。【方法】应用产卵双向选择装置，检测黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster雌成虫对0.01%， 0.015%和0.02%大蒜素的产卵选择性；利用产卵装置，检测黑腹果蝇对大蒜素的位置效应；通过毛细管摄食法检测黑腹果蝇摄食行为；利用黑暗(暗盒)、摘除前足、摘除触角和嗅觉突变体等方式探究介导该行为的感觉系统；检测大蒜素对其后代的发育历期和存活率的影响。检测0.02%, 0.05%和0.1%大蒜素对黑腹果蝇成虫寿命的影响以及0.1%大蒜素处理48 h后成虫的奔跑速度和攀爬速度。利用荧光染料检测0.02%大蒜素处理3 d后黑腹果蝇成虫肠道中活性氧水平。【结果】大蒜素引起成年雌性黑腹果蝇产卵避性，对0.01%, 0.015%和0.02%大蒜素的产卵指数分别为-0.53，-0.77和-0.88。黑腹果蝇成虫对大蒜素呈现明显的位置避性，对0.01%和0.015%大蒜素的位置指数分别为-0.09和-0.22。在黑暗和摘除前足条件下，黑腹果蝇雌成虫对大蒜素未产生显著的产卵避性反应，而摘除触角的黑腹果蝇雌成虫对大蒜素产卵避性显著地降低，对0.01%，0.015%和0.02%大蒜素的产卵指数分别为-0.01, -0.04和-0.11。突变体TrpA¹(transient receptor potential ankyrin 1)对大蒜素的产卵避性反应消失，对0.01%， 0.015%和0.02%大蒜素的产卵指数分别为-0.09, -0.06和0.13。黑腹果蝇雌成虫所产卵暴露于0.02%大蒜素后，后代的成蛹时间和羽化时间分别延长了1.85和1.88 d，蛹和成虫存活率分别降低了26.01%和31.28%。0.02%, 0.05%和0.1%大蒜素均引起黑腹果蝇成虫寿命缩短，0.1%大蒜素处理48 h后黑腹果蝇成虫攀爬速度显著降低；0.02%大蒜素处理3 d增加了黑腹果蝇成虫肠道中的ROS水平。【结论】大蒜素引起成年黑腹果蝇产卵避性，主要通过嗅觉系统介导这种产卵避性反应，并引起成虫的中肠损伤，因此这种行为降低了后代的生长发育和成虫存活率。

关键词: 黑腹果蝇, 大蒜素, 产卵避性, 嗅觉系统, 发育历期, 存活率

Abstract: 【Aim】 To study the oviposition selection of Drosophila in the presence of allicin, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism and biological significance of the oviposition avoidance of Drosophila. 【Methods】 The oviposition preference of female adults of Drosophila melanogaster to allicin at different concentrations (0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02%) was assayed by using the two-choice apparatus. The position effect of allicin on D. melanogaster was detected by oviposition apparatus. The feeding behavior of D. melanogaster was detected by capillary feeding method, and the sensory modality mediating this behavior was studied by using dark conditions, surgically removing forelegs, surgically removing antennae, and olfactory mutants. The effects of allicin on the developmental duration and survival rate of D. melanogaster offspring were investigated. The effects of 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.1% allicin on adult life span of D. melanogaster and the running speed and climbing speed of adult D. melanogaster after exposure to 0.1% allicin for 48 h were examined. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in intestine of D. melanogaster adults exposed to 0.02% allicin for 3 d was detected by using fluorescent dyes. 【Results】 Allicin caused oviposition avoidance in female adults of D. melanogaster. In response to 001%, 0.015% and 0.02% allicin, the oviposition indexes of female adults of D. melanogaster were -0.53, -0.77 and -0.88, respectively. D. melanogaster adults showed obvious location avoidance to allicin, with the position indexes of -0.09 and -0.22 to 0.01% and 0.015% allicin, respectively. In darkness and with foreleg removed, the female adults of D. melanogaster showed no significant oviposition avoidance to allicin. However, the female adults of D. melanogaster with antennae removed had significantly decreased oviposition avoidance to allicin, with the oviposition indexes of -0.01, -0.04 and -0.11 to 0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02% allicin, respectively. The oviposition avoidance of the mutant transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TrpA¹) to allicin disappeared, with the oviposition indexes of -0.09, -0.06 and 0.13 to 0.01%, 0.015% and 0.02% allicin, respectively. After the eggs laid by female adults of D. melanogaster were exposed to 0.02% allicin, the time to puparium formation and time to adult eclosion of offspring were prolonged by 1.85 and 1.88 d, and the pupal and adult survival rates were decreased by 26.01% and 31.28%, respectively. Allicin at the concentrations of 0.02%, 0.05% and 0.1% shortened the life span of adult D. melanogaster and the climbing speed of adults was significantly reduced by 0.1% allicin at 48 h after treatment. Treatment of 0.02% allicin for 3 d increased the ROS level in the intestine of adult D. melanogaster. 【Conclusion】 Allicin induces oviposition avoidance in adult D. melanogaster, which is mediated mainly by olfaction system, and causes midgut damage in adult, thus reducing the growth and development of offspring and the survival rate of adults.

Key words: Drosophila melanogaster; allicin, oviposition avoidance, olfactory system, developmental duration, survival rate

周思艺, 夏静, 闫琴, 芦韬, 陈利荣, 刘威. 大蒜素调控黑腹果蝇产卵偏嗜性和适合度[J]. 昆虫学报, 2022, 65(2): 197-207.

ZHOU Si-Yi, XIA Jing, YAN Qin, LU Tao, CHEN Li-Rong, LIU Wei. Allicin moduleates oviposition preference and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2022, 65(2): 197-207.

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大蒜素调控黑腹果蝇产卵偏嗜性和适合度

Allicin moduleates oviposition preference and fitness in Drosophila melanogaster

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