金龟子飞行时鞘翅开合状态与后翅腋片形态的相关性研究

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2023.03.013

昆虫学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 66 ›› Issue (3): 399-408.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2023.03.013

金龟子飞行时鞘翅开合状态与后翅腋片形态的相关性研究

闫子晗^1,2, 路园园², 刘宁², 李静^1,*, 佟一杰², 杨海东^2,5, 孙志斌^3,4, 白明^2,4,*

(1. 河北农业大学植物保护学院, 保定 071001; 2. 中国科学院动物研究所, 动物进化与系统学院重点实验室, 北京 100101; 3. 中国科学院国家空间科学中心, 北京 100190; 4. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049; 5. 广东省科学院动物研究所, 广州 510260)

出版日期:2023-03-20 发布日期:2023-04-23

Correlation research between the opening and closing statuses of the elytra during flight and the morphology of the hindwing axillaries of scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

YAN Zi-Han ^1,2, LU Yuan-Yuan², LIU Ning², LI Jing^1,*, TONG Yi-Jie², YANG Hai-Dong^2,5, SUN Zhi-Bin^3,4, BAI Ming^2,4,*

(1. College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; 3. National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 5. Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China)

Online:2023-03-20 Published:2023-04-23

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】多数甲虫飞行时鞘翅是张开的，但也有少数甲虫飞行时鞘翅几乎是闭合的(如大部分花金龟、一些蜣螂种类)。飞行时鞘翅闭合可以显著减小空气阻力，提升飞行速度，但限制了后翅关节骨片(腋片)的运动空间和受力状态。腋片在昆虫飞行时扮演动力输送枢纽的角色，前期研究发现腋片具有复杂的内部和外部形态结构，而该结构如此复杂的形态都受到了哪些因素的影响尚不明确，飞行时鞘翅开合行为与腋片的相关性如何还是空白。【方法】利用显微CT扫描10科6亚科共27种金龟子，利用计算机三维重建技术重建和分析了3个腋片［第1腋片(1st axillary, 1Ax)、第2腋片(2nd axillary, 2Ax)和第3腋片(3rd axillary, 3Ax)］的三维图像，其中17种的为鞘翅飞行张开种类，10种的为鞘翅飞行闭合种类，覆盖了金龟总科83%的科级阶元。【结果】飞行时鞘翅张开或闭合的金龟子3个腋片的形态特征均存在差异。较飞行时鞘翅张开的金龟子，飞行时鞘翅闭合的金龟1Ax的头部前端较后端收缩，颈部宽阔且中上部至中部隆起；2Ax的脊更宽阔，内、外叶位置不同；3Ax头部宽阔，内端顶角为锐角，尾部较短。同一类群腋片形态特征相近，花金龟及姐妹群与裸蜣螂族(Gymnopleurini)的腋片形态存在差异。【结论】飞行时鞘翅开合状态对金龟子腋片的形态具有影响，且金龟子腋片的形态不仅受到了飞行选择压力的影响同样也受到了系统发育的影响。

关键词: 金龟总科, 后翅腋片, 三维重建, 飞行模式

Abstract: 【Aim】 Most beetles fly with their elytra open, but there are a few species that fly with their elytra almost closed (e.g. most cetoniines and some species of dung beetles). Closed elytra during flight can significantly reduce air resistance and improve flight speed, but limit the motion amplitude and stress state of the hindwing base articulation sclerites (axillaries). And the axillaries play a role of power transmission hub. Previous studies have found that axillaries have complex internal and external morphological structures, but it is not clear what factors affect such complex morphological structures, and the relationship between the opening and closing behaviors of the elytra and the axillaries during flight is still unknown. 【Methods】 A total of 27 species from 10 families of Scarabaeoidea and 6 subfamilies of Scarabaeidae were scanned using Micro CT. The threedimensional morphologies of axillary sclerites ［1st axillary (1Ax), 2nd axillary (2Ax) and 3rd axillary (3Ax)］ were reconstructed and analyzed by computer aided three-dimensional reconstruction. Among them, 17 species fly with the elytra open, and 10 species fly with the elytra closed, covering 83% of the family level of the Scarabaeoidea. 【Results】 The morphological characters of the 1Ax, 2Ax and 3Ax of the scarabs with elytra open during flight are different from those of the scarabs with elytra closed. The front end of the head of 1Ax is narrow, and the neck is broad and convex. The ridge of 2Ax is wide, and the positions of proximal lobe and distal lobe are different. The head of 3Ax is broad and the inner apex angle is acute, and the tail of 3Ax is relatively short. Axillaries of the same group have similar morphologies. The morphologies of the axillaries of cetoniines and its sister group are different from those of the tribe of Gymnopleurini. 【Conclusion】 The opening and closing statuses of elytra during flight have an influence on the morphology of the axillary sclerites, and the morphology of axillary sclerites is not only affected by the pressure of flight selection, but also affected by phylogeny.

Key words: Scarabaeoidea, hindwing axillaries, threedimensional reconstruction, flight modes

闫子晗, 路园园, 刘宁, 李静, 佟一杰, 杨海东, 孙志斌, 白明. 金龟子飞行时鞘翅开合状态与后翅腋片形态的相关性研究[J]. 昆虫学报, 2023, 66(3): 399-408.

YAN Zi-Han, LU Yuan-Yuan, LIU Ning, LI Jing, TONG Yi-Jie, YANG Hai-Dong, SUN Zhi-Bin, BAI Ming. Correlation research between the opening and closing statuses of the elytra during flight and the morphology of the hindwing axillaries of scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2023, 66(3): 399-408.

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[2]	佟一杰, 杨海东, 马德英, 白明. 蜣螂后胸叉骨的几何形态学分析及其适应进化研究[J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59(8): 871-879.
[3]	杨海东, 白明, 李莎, 路园园, 马德. 基于四种金龟的昆虫后翅关节骨片三维形态复杂性研究[J]. , 2015, 58(12): 1322-1330.

金龟子飞行时鞘翅开合状态与后翅腋片形态的相关性研究

Correlation research between the opening and closing statuses of the elytra during flight and the morphology of the hindwing axillaries of scarabs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

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