关键词: 昆虫, 宿主, 肠道微生物, 共生菌, 害虫治理, 无菌技术

Abstract:  Insects are the most abundant and widespread group of animals in the world that harbor complex and diverse gut microbes. Different insects differ in gut structure, gut environment, edibility, age and external environment, and the composition and abundance of gut microbes also show difference. Insect gut microbes are mainly transferred vertically and horizontally between populations and individuals, and play a vital role in nutrient metabolism, physiological behaviour, defence, detoxification and many other functions in insect hosts. Insect gut microbes can be isolated from culture media by in vitro culture methods and rapidly identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and sequencing technologies such as 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The combination of metagenomics, proteomics, metabolomics and other omics technologies makes the identification and functional prediction of gut microbes more efficient. Microbial functions can be more accurately verified by in vitro experiments, microbial supplementation, microbiota transplantation and silencing of genes associated with microbial members. Sterile insects can be obtained by high temperature treatment, lysozyme treatment, sterile feeding and antibiotic treatment for functional verification experiments. However, the most widely used antibiotic method still has limitations in application. By exploiting the characteristics of gut microbes, genetic engineering of symbiotic bacteria can be used to control pests and insect-borne infectious diseases. At present, insect gut microbes play an important role in the fields of ecology, economy, energy and environmental protection. With the development and integration of new technologies, more insect-microbe interaction mechanisms will be revealed, and pest control methods through insect gut microbes will become more diverse, environmentally friendly and efficient.

Key words:  Insect, host, gut microbes, symbiotic bacteria, pest management, aseptic technique