›› 1996, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 413-422.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国蝠蛾属昆虫的种类和地理分布研究

杨大荣 李朝达 舒 畅 杨跃雄   

  • 出版日期:1996-11-20 发布日期:1996-11-20

STUDIES ON THE CHINESE SPECIES OF THE GENUS HEPIALUSAND THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION

Yang Darong Li Chaoda Shu Chang Yang Yuexiong   

  • Online:1996-11-20 Published:1996-11-20

摘要: 中国分布的蝠蛾属Hepialus(鳞翅目:蝙蝠蛾科),是一类重要的资源昆虫,其幼虫被中华虫草菌Cordyceps sinensis(Berk.)Sacc.寄生感病后形成的虫菌结合体,是我国特产的名贵药材-冬虫夏草。在我国,已知蝠蛾36种,所有的种类均为古北种;其中33种是青藏高原地区分布种,是中国的特有类群,占已知种的91.7%;中亚地区种2个,占5.6%;欧亚地区分布种1个,占2.7%。我国的蝠蛾属主要分布于青藏高原内的西藏、青海、云南、四川、甘肃等省(区)的高寒草甸之中;零星分布于新疆、黑龙江、 内蒙古等省(区)的草原中;全部种类都营土壤内生活。在我国,95%的蝠蛾种类分布区域十分狭窄,常常是不同山脉就形成不同的种类,甚至是同一山脉不同坡向、不同海拔就会形成完全不同的种类。该属昆虫在中国的分布中心是青藏高原东部的横断山系内,位于北纬27°-33°,东经95°~103°之间的区域中,占已知种的80%。蝠蛾垂直分布明显,分布下限在纬度偏南地区海拔约3000m,而偏北地区则约2500m; 分布上限为海拔5100m; 最适分布海拔在4000-4800m之间;最适分布土壤是高山草甸土。蝠蛾的生态地理分布主要受食物、植被、土壤结构、温湿度等生态因子的影响。

关键词: 蝠蛾属, 种类, 地理分布

Abstract: The Chinese Hepialus moths (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae) are a kind of important resources insects, for their larvae after being infected by the fungus Cordyceps sinensis become the traditional and rare medicinal herbs, the Chinese insect herbs. Sofar thirty six species are known in China, and all are palaearctic species. Amongthem thirty three are endemic to China and restricted to western part of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau, two species are known from central asia and one species from Euro-asian area. The Chinese Hepialus mainly occur in the Alpine meadows of Xizang, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan and Gansu, while a small amount of them scattered in the plastures of Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), etc.Nearly ninety five percent of the Chinese Hepialus has a very narrow range ofdistrbution, usually different species are known among different mountain ranges,even from different sides and habitats of the same mountain. We conclude that the distributional centre of this genus is Transhimalaya Mountains, located between 27°-29°N.lat.And95°-103°E. longitude. This area is concentric with eighty percent of known Hepialus. The vertical distribution of these lepidopterans rangesfrom the lowest elevation of 3000m in southern area and circa 2500m in northern area to the highest elevation of 5100m, and with optimal elevation range from 4000 to 4800m. The distributional range of Hepialus mainly is effected by food, vegetation,soil structure, temperature and humidity.

Key words: Hepialus, species, geographical distribution