›› 2002, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 785-793.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东灵山地区地表甲虫群落组成及季节变化

于晓东, 罗天宏, 周红章   

  • 出版日期:2002-12-20 发布日期:2002-12-20

Composition and seasonal dynamics of litterlayer beetle community in the Dongling Mountain region, North China

YU Xiao-Dong, LUO Tian-Hong, ZHOU Hong-Zhang   

  • Online:2002-12-20 Published:2002-12-20

摘要: 本文研究东灵山地区地表甲虫群落的物种组成和季节变化,取样选择在11种不同生境类型内,分别代表该地区的植被类型与环境变化。1999~2000年的野外取样共获得甲虫标本10874号,其中步甲、隐翅虫、叶甲、象甲、拟步甲、金龟和叩甲等7科的个体数量较多,合计占个体总数的83.36%,为该地区地表甲虫的优势类群。选择40个最常见物种统计种类和数量,对生境进行主成分分析排序(PCA)和系统聚类分析,可以将东灵山地区的11种生境类型划归为3类:即梨园岭退耕区的灌丛类型、小龙门林区的森林类型和东灵山主峰区的亚高山植被类型,梨园岭退耕区的辽东栎萌生丛被合并到小龙门林区森林植被类型中,反映了植被类型、海拔高度及受干扰程度可能是决定该地区地表甲虫群落组成和分布的主要因素。研究地表甲虫的季节变化发现其活动高峰多出现在6月和7月,而且在不同生境类型内,优势类群的组成和季节变化有很大差异;小龙门林区内数量分布高于梨园岭退耕区内的分布,尤其在落叶松林和阔叶混交林内的数量优势更加明显。如果按营养层次划分功能群,捕食性类群比例最高,植食性类群次之,腐食性类群最少,捕食性类群的季节活动曲线滞后于植食性类群的活动曲线。

关键词: 东灵山地区地表甲虫, 物种组成, 季节动态, 生境, 植被类型

Abstract: Composition and seasonal dynamics of litter-layer beetle community were investigated in the Dongling Mountain region (39°48'~40°02' N, 115°24'~115°36′E), 114 km to the west of Beijing, North China. Three areas containing 11 plots were selected to reflect the effects of vegetation, elevation and human disturbance on the beetle community. The first was Xiaolongmen, a lower-mountain area covered with well-protected woods, where 5 plots were surveyed, i. e. Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, Juglans mandshurica forest, Larix principis rupprechtii plantation, mixed deciduous broad-leaved forest and Quercus liaotungensis forest. The second was Liyuanling, an area of farmland abandoned 5 years ago and interspersed with some hills, where 3 plots were surveyed, i. e. Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubs, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu shrubs and Q. liaotungensis coppices. The third was an area of high elevation vegetation near the top of Dongling Mountain, where 3 plots were surveyed, i.e. Betula costata forest, Caragana jubata shrubs and meadows. The pitfall trap method was employed in this study. Field collections were made regularly, once each month during the growing seasons of 1999 and 2000.Of the beetles collected, the Carabidae, Staphylinidae, Chrysomelidea, Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, Scarabaeidae and Elateridae were the dominant groups accounting for 83.36% of the total. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis based on 40 dominant species collected in 1999 gave similar results: the 11 plots could be roughly categorized into three groups, i. e. the shrubs in Liyuanling, forests and coppices in Xiaolongmen and Liyuanling, and alpine vegetation near the top of Dongling Mountain. This indicates that vegetation, elevation, and human disturbance may be important factors influencing the distribution of litter-layer beetles in the Dongling Mountain region. The activity of adult beetles peaked in June and July in Xiaolongmen and Liyuanling, with variation in the dominant group between different plots. Daily catches of beetles were higher in the Xiaolongmen area, especially in Larix principis rupprechti plantation and mixed broad-leaved forest. The Carabidae and Staphylinidae were abundant groups in forest plots in Xiaolongmen and Q. liaotungensis coppices in Liyuanling, peaking in July. The Tenebrionidae abounded in June and occurred mainly in shrubs and coppices in Liyuanling, and in Juglans mandshurica forest and Pinus tabulaeformis plantation in Xiaolongmen. The Elateridae showed similar seasonal changes as the Tenebrionidae, but more individuals were captured in Larix principis rupprechtii plantation than in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation. The Chrysomelidae reached peak abundance in June or August in Q. liaotungensis forest and coppices, and in April or May in other forest plots in Xiaolongmen. Most of the Curculionidae appeared in May and August in Vitex negundo var. heterophylla shrubs, from May to July in Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, in June and July in Larix principis rupprechtii plantation, and Q. liaotungensis forest and coppices. The Scarabaeidae were abundant in July in Vitex negundo var.heterophylla shrubs, Larix principis rupprechtii plantation and Pinus tabulaeformis plantation, but in June in Prunus armeniaca var. ansu shrubs. Among the litter-layer beetles examined, the activity of predatory species lagged behind that of hytophages by about one month.

Key words: litter layer beetles, species composition, seasonal dynamics, habitat, vegetation type