›› 2003, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 292-298.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

菜蚜茧蜂对甲胺磷和灭多威的抗性机制

吴刚1,江树人2   

  • 出版日期:2003-06-20 发布日期:2003-06-20

Resistance mechanisms to methamidosphos and methomyl in the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae(M'Intosh)

WU Gang1, JIANG Shu-Ren2   

  • Online:2003-06-20 Published:2003-06-20

摘要: 采用试管药膜法测定了菜蚜茧蜂 Diaeretiella rapae 对甲胺磷和灭多威的抗性及增效剂的增效作用,并测定了菜蚜茧蜂和菜缢管蚜 Lipaphis erysimi 乙酰胆碱酯酶动力学参数、解毒酶活性及增效剂对菜蚜茧蜂酶活性的体内抑制作用。福州地区菜蚜茧蜂已对甲胺磷和灭多威产生5.6和9.1倍的抗性,胡椒基丁醚、磷酸三苯酯和马来酸二乙酯对两种杀虫剂的抗性品系均有显著增效作用,胡椒基丁醚的作用最为显著。胡椒基丁醚对抗性菜蚜茧蜂杀虫剂敏感性的增效作用远高于对敏感菜蚜茧蜂的影响。3种增效剂对菜蚜茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶均无抑制作用;磷酸三苯酯和胡椒基丁醚对羧酸酯酶,马来酸二乙酯对谷胱甘肽S转移酶有显著抑制作用。抗性和敏感菜蚜茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶的米氏常数Km)、最大反应速度(Vmax)、羧酸酯酶及谷胱甘肽S转移酶活性值相近,但敏感菜蚜茧蜂乙酰胆碱酯酶的双分子速度常数(KI)值远高于抗性的。此外,对菜蚜茧蜂和菜缢管蚜乙酰胆碱酯酶、羧酸酯酶和谷胱甘肽S转移酶进行了比较研究。结果表明菜蚜茧蜂对甲胺磷和灭多威的低水平抗性与乙酰胆碱酯酶的不敏感性及解毒酶的解毒代谢有关。

关键词: 菜蚜茧蜂, 菜缢管蚜, 抗性, 增效剂, 乙酰胆碱酯酶, 解毒酶

Abstract: The resistance to methamidosphos and methomyl and the effect of synergists on the insecticides in susceptible (S) and resistant (R ) strains of Diaeretiella rapae(Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) were detected using the residual film method. The kinetic parameters of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), the activity of detoxication enzymes in D. rapae and its host Lipaphis erysimi (Homoptera: Aphididae) and the inhibition of synergists on enzyme activities in D. rapae in vivo were also investigated. The results show that compared to the susceptible strain, resistance to methamidosphos and methomyl was 5.6-fold and 9.1-fold respectively in the field D. rapae collected from Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China. Obvious synergisms of piperonyl butoxide (PB), triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and diethyl maleate (DEM ) to these insecticides were found in D. rapae, the synergism of PB being the highest. The synergisms of PB to the two insecticides In the R strain of D. rapae were significantly higher than those in the S strain. PB, TPP and DEM could not inhibit AChE activity, but strong inhibition of CarE activity was caused by PB and TPP, and GST activity by DEM . The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximal velocity Vmax) of AChE and the activities of carboxylesterase (CarE) and glutathione S transferase (GSTs) in the S strain were similar to those in the R strain, but the values of the bimolecular rate constant (Ki) in the S strain of D. rapae were far higher than those in the R strain of D. rapae. In addition, a comparison of kinetic parameters of AChE and the activities of CarE and GSTs between D. rapae and L. erysimi were conducted. The results indicate that the resistance mechanism to methamidophos and methymol in D. rapae is related to AChE insensitivity and detoxication enzymes.

Key words: Diaeretiella rapae, Lipaphis erysimi, resistance, synergists, acetylcholinesterase, detoxication enzymes