›› 2007, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (8): 813-825.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖北大巴山东部蚤类区系组成及垂直分布

刘井元,余品红,吴厚永   

  1. (湖北省预防医学科学院传染病防治研究所,武汉 430079)
  • 出版日期:2007-09-10 发布日期:2007-09-10
  • 通讯作者: 刘井元

Faunal composition and vertical distribution of fleas in the eastern part of Daba Mountains, Hubei province, China

LIU Jing-Yuan, YU Pin-Hong, WU Hou-Yong   

  1. (Institute of Infectious Diseases, Hubei Academy of Preventive Medical Science, Wuhan 430079, China)
  • Online:2007-09-10 Published:2007-09-10
  • Contact: LIU Jing-Yuan

摘要:

采用常规与沿雪线调查方法,对大巴山东部具代表性的7个不同海拔梯度及6个不同生境类型,连续进行了11年调查和研究。结果表明:1)在所获得的8科28属51种9 974只蚤类中,有25种隶属于古北界,占49.02%,21种属于东洋界,占41.18%,5种广布,占9.80%; 经个体数量区系处理,古北和东洋两界蚤类区系数量(37.97%,50.30%)并不完全与物种区系相吻合,但东洋蚤类区系数量与古北物种区系相当;2)大巴山东部蚤类垂直分布的区系特点是,1 500 m以下东洋成分占绝对优势,1 600~2 300 m古北成分达44.82%~56.41%,但个体区系数量却在33.47%~60.16%之间,物种区系成分与数量区系分布并不完全一致; 一些东洋界特有指示性质的巴山盲鼠蚤和它的寄主猪尾鼠,仍可分布到这一地带;当海拔上升到2 600 m,古北成分已稳定达55.00%,此地带已不见东洋界特有指示性质的巴山盲鼠蚤和它的寄主猪尾鼠的踪迹,当海拔上升到2 800~2 980 m,古北成分和个体数量分别已达65.00%和89.51%;3)在大巴山东部51种蚤类中,有24种在秦岭有分布,占秦岭已知34种的70.58%,两座山系古北成分也相当,分别为49.02%及52.94%。最后按区系、宿主动物、植被带谱和地理状况相近原则,对张金桐等(1989)对秦岭南坡的蚤类海拔高度划线1 000~2 000 m进行修订,并上移至2 600 m左右地带,修订后的划线,其具体位置及走向大体与暗针叶林的下限保持一致。此线以上,无论蚤种或是数量都以古北界成分为主,低于此线,古北、东洋成分和一些特有指示性质的种类相互渗透。

关键词: 蚤类, 区系组成, 垂直分布, 古北界, 东洋界, 海拔高度划线, 大巴山东部

Abstract: With snow line (as snow falls in winter or melts in spring, place rat clamps up and down along border of snow line of the mountain to capture rodents and collect flea specimens outside their bodies) and routine investigation methods, selecting 7 different representative altitude gradients and 6 different habitat types, an 11 years' continuous study had been carried on in the eastern part of Daba Mountains in Hubei. The results showed that1) of the 51 species of 9 974 fleas collected belonging to 28 genera of 8 families, 25 species belong to the Palaearctic region (49.02%), 21 belong to the Oriental region (41.18%) and 5 are wide_spread (9.80%)evaluated with individual proportion, the difference between the Palaearctic region (37.97%) and the Oriental region (50.30%) is not as obvious as species composition2) the faunal characteristics of vertical distribution of fleas in the eastern part of Dabashan Mountain is that the Oriental species occupy absolute predominance under altitude 1 500 mthe Palaearctic species account for 44.82%-56.41% at altitude 1 600-2 300 m, while the individual proportion of the Palaearctic species is 33.47%-60.16% at the same altitude rangesome special indicators in the Oriental region such as Typhlomyopsyllus bashanensis and its host Typhlomys cinereus can be seen in the Palaearctic regionwhen the altitude is elevated to 2 600 m, the Palaearctic species account for 55.00%, and T. bashanensis and its host T. cinereus can not be found any morewhen the altitude was above 2 800-2 980 m, the Palaearctic species proportion and individual proportion are 65.00% and 89.51%, respectively3) of the 51 species of fleas in the eastern part of Daba Mountains, 24 species are also distributed in Qinling Mountains, accounting for 70.58% of 34 species known in Qinling the Palaearctic species proportion in the two mountains was 49.02% and 52.94% respectively. According to principles of similarity in faunal elements, host animals,  vegetation zone and geographical conditions, the altitude lineation (1 000-2 000 m) of fleas in the south slope of Qinling Mountains proposed by Zhang Jin-Tong et al. (1989) was revised and elevated to about 2 600 m. The position and direction of the revised altitude lineation is corresponding to lower border limit of subalpine coniferous forest. Above the line, the Palaearctic elements dominate in both species number and individual number; while below the line, there exists a mixture of the Oriental, the Palaearctic and some endemic elements. In the author's opinion, although the fauna of animal species is a key indicator in determining the characteristics of mountain fauna, the faunal proportion of species and individuals and the living extent of some animals with special indications are of greater significance in altitude lineation to comprehensively determine the property of animal fauna. Meanwhile, it can make people better understand the vertical distribution of the Palaearctic and the Oriental elements in mountains and make wiser judgment conforming to the reality.

Key words: Fleas, faunal composition, vertical distribution, Palaearctic region, Oriental region, altitude lineation, eastern part of Daba Mountains