›› 2007, Vol. 50 ›› Issue (9): 967-974.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

微波处理对绿豆象的杀虫效果及对红小豆发芽率的影响

张民照,金文林,王进忠,孙淑玲,覃晓春,张志勇   

  1. 北京农学院植物科学技术系
  • 出版日期:2007-09-20 发布日期:2007-10-10
  • 通讯作者: 张志勇

Insecticidal efficacy of microwave treatment against Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) and its effects on the germination rate of adzuki beans

  • Online:2007-09-20 Published:2007-10-10

摘要: 通过设置不同时间和功率的微波对裸露绿豆象Callosobruchus chinensis (L.)成虫、与红小豆混合的成虫、绿豆内幼虫及卵进行处理,以研究微波对绿豆象的杀虫作用及对绿豆象成虫产卵量、幼虫羽化率及卵孵化率等生物学特性的影响。试验结果表明:微波处理裸成虫的死亡率随处理时间及功率增加而升高。成虫在中高火和高火分别处理60 s50 s以上时间时死亡率过半,为51.21%99.92%。处理与红小豆混合的成虫死亡率随功率和时间变化趋势同相同处理的裸虫,但相同条件下与红小豆混合的成虫死亡率明显高于相同处理的裸虫。低火至中低火处理60 s、解冻50 s及中火至高火40 s以上时间时成虫死亡都过半,为55.75%100%,而中火处理70 s、中高火至高火6070 s可使成虫全部死亡。微波处理具一定后续效应,处理的成虫虽没立刻死亡但随后死亡率仍比对照高。成虫高火处理50 s后的第3天校正死亡率可达87.74%。微波处理还可降低绿豆象成虫产卵量、幼虫羽化率、卵孵化率及红小豆发芽率。成虫、卵和豆内幼虫对微波敏感性依次增高。红小豆在中低火处理60 s、解冻50 s、中火40 s、中高火至高火30 s以上时间时发芽率都低于一半,为0.21%48.33%。微波对绿豆象杀虫效果显著,但使用时需考虑微波仪器、处理功率和时间、产品用途及含水量等诸多因素的影响并进行优化试验以取得最佳效果。

关键词: 绿豆象, 红小豆, 微波处理, 杀虫效果, 发芽率

Abstract:

The efficiency of microwave treatment to kill Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) weevils was assessed. The bare adults of the weevil, adults mixed with adzuk beans, larvae living in mung beans and eggs on mung beans were treated with different microwave power and exposure time, and its effects on the adult oviposition, larva emergence and egg hatching of the weevil and the germination rate of adzuki beans were observed. The results showed that when the bare adults were treated with microwave, the adult mortalities increased with the exposure time and microwave power, and more than half of adults were killed after being treated with midhigh power for at least 60 s or high power for at least 50 s, with a mortality of 51.21%-99.92%. When the adults mixed with the adzuki beans were treated, the varying tendency of adult mortalities under different treatments of microwave power and exposure time was similar to that of the bare adults, but the mortalities of adults mixed with adzuki beans were obviously higher than those of the bare adults at the same treatment conditions, and 55.75%-100% of adults were killed under the following treatments:  low to mid power for at least for 60 s, defrost power for at least 50 s or mid to high power for at least 40 s. All adults were killed when treated with mid power for 70 s or mid-high power for at least 60 s. Microwave treatment had aftereffects on C. chinensis, higher adult mortalities were found in the treatments than in the control even if the adults did not die immediately after being treated. The adult corrected mortalities on the 3rd day after being treated reached 87.74%. Microwave also decreased the adult oviposition, larva emergence, egg hatching and germination of adzuki beans. The susceptibility of adult, egg and larva living in mung beans to microwave was from low to high. As high as 51.67%-99.79% of adzuki beans failed to germinate under the following treatments: mid power for 60 s, defrost power for 50 s, mid power for 40 s, mid-high or high power for 30 s. It was so concluded that microwave treatment had prominently lethal effects on C. chinensis.When using microwave to eliminate pests from agricultural products, however, many factors, such as microwave machine, treating power and time, usage and water content of agricultural products and so on, should be considered and optimizing experiments should be performed to achieve the best results.