›› 2009, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (11): 1280-1284.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    

家蝇和大头金蝇在麦麸和猪瘦肉上的产卵选择和发育差异

王争艳, 莫建初   

  • 出版日期:2009-12-18 发布日期:2009-11-20

Difference in oviposition preference and development between Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) and Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) on wheat bran and pork muscle

  • Online:2009-12-18 Published:2009-11-20

摘要: 在中国许多地区, 大头金蝇Chrysomya megacephala F.已侵入过去由家蝇Musca domestica L.占绝对优势的垃圾生态位, 逐渐成为城市蝇类的优势种. 为了解单独和混合饲养时食物种类对家蝇和大头金蝇幼虫生长发育的影响, 在室内观察了野外大头金蝇和家蝇F1代在湿麦麸、猪瘦肉以及两者混合物上的产卵选择和生活史. 结果显示: (1)大头金蝇嗜在含有猪瘦肉的基质上产卵, 而家蝇嗜在含有麦麸的基质上产卵;(2)初孵家蝇和大头金蝇幼虫都能在含有瘦肉的食物上发育至成虫. 在麦麸上, 初孵家蝇幼虫能发育至成虫, 而初孵和2龄大头金蝇幼虫在进入下一龄期前全部死亡, 但少数3龄大头金蝇幼虫能发育至成虫;(3)等量初孵家蝇与大头金蝇在含有猪瘦肉的食物上共同生长时, 与家蝇相比, 大头金蝇的发育历期较短、存活率较高. 与家蝇在麦麸上共同生长时, 与在麦麸上独立生长的同龄大头金蝇相比, 大头金蝇的发育历期较短、存活率较高. 这些结果表明, 共生时家蝇可促进大头金蝇对植物质营养的利用, 这也许是大头金蝇能成功侵入家蝇占绝对优势的垃圾生态位的一个重要原因.

关键词: 大头金蝇, 家蝇, 营养利用, 产卵选择, 生长发育, 种间竞争

Abstract: In many areas in China, Chrysomya megacephala F. has gradually invaded the ecological niches occupied by Musca domestica L. and become the dominant species at garbage sites in the urban areas. To explore the influence of foods on the development of M. domestica and C. megacephala larvae when they were reared solely or jointly, the oviposition preference and life history of the F1 generation of wild blowfly C. megacephala and housefly M. domestica on wet wheat bran, pork muscle and their mixture were observed in the laboratory. The results showed that: (1) Blowflies preferred to lay their eggs on substrates containing pork muscle while houseflies preferred to lay their eggs on substrates containing wheat bran. (2) Newly-hatched housefly and blowfly larvae could reach adulthood on diets containing pork muscle. When raised on wheat bran, newly-hatched housefly larvae could reach adulthood while newly-hatched and 2nd instar blowfly larvae all died before entering into the next instar, but some 3rd instar blowfly larvae could reach adulthood. (3) When the same number of newly-hatched housefly and blowfly larvae grew mixedly on diets containing pork muscle, blowflies exhibited shorter developmental duration and higher survival rate than houseflies. When reared mixedly with houseflies on wheat bran, blowflies showed shorter developmental duration and higher survival rate than the same instar blowflies that grew solely on wheat bran. These results suggest that in coexistence the housefly can promote the utilization of the vegetable resource by the blowfly. This might be one of important reasons why the blowfly can invade successfully the ecological niches occupied dominantly by the housefly.

Key words: Chrysomya megacephala, Musca domestica, nutrition utilization, oviposition preference, growth and development, interspecific competition