›› 2009, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (9): 994-999.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

河南南阳不同生境土壤重金属含量及其对拟水狼蛛生物学特性的影响

张征田, 夏敏, 彭宇, 杜瑞卿   

  • 出版日期:2009-09-20 发布日期:2009-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 张征田

Heavy metal levels in soil and their effects on biological characteristics of Pirata subpiraticus (Araneae: Lycosidae) in different habitats in Nanyang, Henan

ZHANG Zheng-Tian, XIA M, PENG Y, DU R Q   

  • Online:2009-09-20 Published:2009-09-20

摘要: 为了探明重金属含量对拟水狼蛛Pirata subpiraticus生物学特性的影响, 本研究于2008年7月在河南南阳地区5种不同生境下, 共采集50份土壤样本和150头拟水狼蛛样本, 采用原子吸收光谱法测定了5种不同生境下雌拟水狼蛛体内重金属含量, 并测定了雌蛛头胸甲宽、体重、卵袋重量、卵数目和卵体积等生物学指标。结果表明:不同样点拟水狼蛛重金属含量与土壤重金属含量显著正相关, 4个重金属污染区与宝天曼自然保护区(Baotianman, BTM)拟水狼蛛体内Cd、Cu和Zn的含量差异极显著(P<0.001), 桐柏铜矿(Tongbai Tongkuang, TBTK)和南阳油田(Nanyang Youtian, NYYT) 的Pb含量与BTM的差异极显著(P<0.001), 主成分分析表明Cd、Cu和Zn是反应重金属污染的主要指标。在重金属胁迫下, 4个重金属污染区与保护区的拟水狼蛛头胸甲宽、雌体重量、卵袋重量、卵数目和卵体积差异均达到极显著(P<0.001)或显著水平(P<0.05), 主成分分析表明背胸甲宽、卵袋重量和卵体积是重要生物学指标。 拟水狼蛛的背胸甲宽、卵袋重量和卵的体积与重金属含量显著相关, 重金属含量高的地方拟水狼蛛背胸甲宽较小, 雌性体重、卵袋重量和卵数目较小, 卵的体积大, 因此说明拟水狼蛛处在逆环境中时, 动物为保持总的繁殖力不变的前提下, 后代个体的大小与数目间满足某种平衡, 即达到协同进化的目的, 拟水狼蛛可以作为重金属污染的监测指示生物。

关键词: 拟水狼蛛, 土壤, 重金属污染, 背胸甲宽, 卵袋重量, 卵体积

Abstract: In order to study the impact of heavy metals on Pirata subpiraticus, 50 soil samples and 150 individuals of P. subpiraticus were collected from 5 different habitats in Nanyang City, Henan Province in July 2008. The contents of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) of soil and P. subpiraticus were measured using atomic absorptions pectrometry. The carapace width, female weight, egg sac weight, the volume and number of eggs were measured and counted. The results showed that the contents of Cd, Cu and Zn in P. subpiraticus in varios habitats were positively correlated with those in soil, and significantly higher in 4 heavy metal polluted habitats (TBJK, TBTK, NYYT, and NYJG) than the control habitat (BTM nature reserve); the result for Pb content was same, but it was significantly higher in TBTK and NYYT than the control habitat (BTM). Principal component analysis (PCA) results suggested that Cd, Cu and Zn could be principal indicators of heavy metal pollution. Females from populations with high concentrations of heavy metals showed a strongly reduced fecundity, indicating a high reduction in resource availability due to detoxification processes. Egg size in contrast was negatively correlated with fecundity and as a consequence positively related with internal metal burden. The conclusion is that changes of P. subpiraticus in the relationship between offspring size and offspring fitness will result in an altered balance between offspring size and P. subpiraticus could be used as a very important bio-indicator for heavy metal pollution.

Key words: Pirata subpiraticus, soil, heavy metal pollution, carapace width, cocoon weight, egg volume