›› 2010, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 442-448.doi:

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

沙地毛足蜂筑巢生物学研究

杨俊伟,徐环李,胡红岩   

  • 出版日期:2010-06-08 发布日期:2010-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 徐环李

Nesting biology of Dasypoda hirtipes (Fabricius)(Hymenoptera: Melittidae)

YANG Jun-Wei, XU Huan-Li, HU Hong-Yan   

  • Online:2010-06-08 Published:2010-04-20

摘要: 【目的】调查毛乌素沙地的一种群居独栖性野生毛足蜂Dasypoda hirtipes Panzer的巢穴结构及其日活动规律。【方法】采用目测和拍照等方法对沙地毛足蜂的整个筑巢过程进行了连续观测;采用挖掘、测量方法对毛足蜂巢内结构进行了观测。【结果】2008和2009年共挖掘巢穴22个,巢口直径为6.32~10.35 mm,巢穴具有多分枝的支道,一般有4~16个分支道,主道的深度为84~112 cm,巢室分布在主道周围的支道里面,每个支道里面仅有1个巢室,巢室深度为22~54 cm。巢室内壁无蜡层,较光滑,巢室内的花粉球底部有3个均匀大小的用来支撑花粉球的突起。对雌性成蜂日活动行为的观察结果显示,雌性个体一天内采集粉蜜的次数在6~8次,最后一次一般不携带花粉归巢。【结论】在内蒙古毛乌素沙地,该蜂一年1代,日活动时间与菊科植物抱茎苦荬菜Ixeris sonchifolia花序中的单花期相对应,主要的蜜源植物为菊科植物和蒺藜属植物。

关键词: 蜜蜂总科, 准蜂科, 沙地毛足蜂, 营巢生物学, 蜜源植物

Abstract: 【Aim】 To investigate the nesting structure and the daily activity of a gregarious solitary bee, Dasypoda hirtipes (Fabricius), in Mu Us sandland, Inner Mongolia. 【Methods】We have excavated total twenty-two nests from 2008 to 2009 and measured some main data of cells and tumulus of nests. 【Results】D. hirtipes nest has more than one lateral tunnel where only one cell is constructed, and the number of lateral tunnels in one nest ranges from 4 to 14. Depth of the main tunnels ranges from 84 to 112 cm; the internal faces of cell are smooth and wax-free layer; there are three evenly sized projections holding the pollen sphere at the bottom in cell. The daily foraging trips of the female bees are from 6 to 8 in normal sunny days; the female bees usually do not carry pollen in the last trip. 【Conclusions】This species has only one generation annually, and the foraging time of D. hirtipes is consistent with daily flowering time of Ixeris sonchifolia, and the main foraging plants are Compositae and Tribulus plants in Mu Us sandland.

Key words: Apoidea, Melittidae, Dasypoda hirtipes, nesting biology, nectar plants