›› 2010, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 449-456.doi:

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

广州地区红火蚁工蚁的巢外活动及有翅蚁的婚飞规律

陈浩涛,罗礼智, 熊红利   

  • 出版日期:2010-06-08 发布日期:2010-04-20
  • 通讯作者: 罗礼智

The outing activity of worker ants and nuptial flight of alates in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Guangzhou area, Southern China

CHEN Hao-Tao, LUO Li-Zhi, XIONG Hong-Li   

  • Online:2010-06-08 Published:2010-04-20

摘要: 为了阐明红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren的发生危害规律,为制定红火蚁的监测与防治措施提供科学依据,本研究调查了广州地区(113°45′E,22°43′N)红火蚁工蚁巢外活动日节律和季节性变化,以及有翅蚁的婚飞活动。结果表明,工蚁巢外活动日节律随季节或月份的不同而存在着明显差异:其中12-2月份的日活动节律为单峰型,即在中午温度较高时数量较大,而在5-10月份的日活动节律为双峰型,即在上午或下午工蚁数量较大,其余月份的活动为不明显的双峰型。工蚁巢外活动数量和时间随季节的不同而有显著差异。其中以6月和10月份的日活动数量最多,而在1月和2月份的活动数量最少,时间最短,其余月份活动数量居中。工蚁在阵雨前后的活动数量明显多于晴天,但处于降雨时刻的巢外工蚁数量极少。蚁巢受侵扰后出巢工蚁数量在30 s内最大,之后便随时间的延长而逐渐减少,该种现象可以用房室函数进行描述。另外,工蚁的巢外数量会随侵扰强度的加大而增加。在试验区内全年都可见到红火蚁婚飞,但婚飞活动主要集中在3-5月份,每日婚飞活动主要发生在下午,并主要发生在雨前或雨后。上述结果对于了解我国红火蚁的发生危害规律和提升其监控技术水平有较大参考价值。

关键词: 红火蚁, 巢外活动, 季节性变化, 日节律, 侵袭性, 婚飞

Abstract: In 2006, daily and seasonal outing activities of the worker ants and nuptial flights of alates in the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, were investigated in Guangzhou area (113°45′E, 22°43′N) of Southern China. The results indicated that daily outing activity of worker ants differed greatly among different seasons or months. Number of worker ants peaked around the midday from December to February but in the morning and afternoon from April to November. Annually, the number of outing worker ants encountered peaked in June and October and reached the lowest in January and February. Period of worker ants encountered outside the nests from April to November was significantly longer than that from December to March. The outing activity of worker ants was greatly enhanced by showers in comparison with that in fine day. However, activity of worker ants was held back during raining. Number of worker ants encountered increased greatly and reached the highest at 30 s after their nests were disturbed. Moreover, the number of worker ants encountered was positively correlated to the degree of nest disturbed. Nuptial flights of alates took place in the experimental area all the year round, but occurred mainly from March to May. Nuptial flights of alates were enhanced before or after raining. Those results provide a reference value for understanding of the occurrence of red imported fire ant in China and enhancing its monitoring skills.

Key words: Solenopsis invicta, outing activity, seasonal dynamics, daily rhythm, aggression, nuptial flights