›› 2012, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (11): 1295-1305.doi:

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

极端生理耐受性导致果蝇Zaprionus indianus 在温带地区广泛分布(英文)

Seema RAMNIWAS, Babita KAJLA, Ravi PARKASH   

  • 收稿日期:2012-07-12 修回日期:2012-11-16 出版日期:2012-11-20 发布日期:2012-11-20
  • 通讯作者: Seema RAMNIWAS E-mail:seema.ramniwas@gmail.com; zoroseema@yahoo.co.in

Extreme physiological tolerance leads the wide distribution of Zaprionus indianus (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in temperate world

Seema RAMNIWAS, Babita KAJLA, Ravi PARKASH   

  • Received:2012-07-12 Revised:2012-11-16 Online:2012-11-20 Published:2012-11-20
  • Contact: Seema RAMNIWAS E-mail:seema.ramniwas@gmail.com; zoroseema@yahoo.co.in

摘要: 在过去的十年中, Zaprionus indianus这一温带适应性果蝇已经入侵印度次大陆, 并扩大了其在该地区的分布。Z. indianus能成功入侵是由于它具有很强的适应性和对极端生理条件的耐受性。对Z. indianus (温带狭域分布种类) 和黑腹果蝇Drosophila melanogaster (全球广域分布种类)在极端温度下未成熟期和成虫期发育阈值的比较研究表明, 两者的死亡率和发育起点温度存在显著差异。为了检测越冬期间未成熟期和成虫期抗逆性和存活率的变化, 以采自印度温带和热带不同地点的Z. indianus种群进行饲养实验。在温带地区的田间养虫笼中以及恒定的实验室条件下监测这些种群的卵孵化率和成虫存活率, 直至全部成虫死亡。结果表明, 由于温带地区卵孵化率和存活率高, 导致总的孵化率和存活率在不同纬度间存在显著差异。卵至成虫发育实验结果表明, 低温条件下产下的卵在温度适中时成功发育成成虫。由此可见, 这种昆虫在未成熟期具有的气候适应性以及在成虫期具有的抗逆性可为该物种提供季节性保护。考虑到气候变暖情况, 即温度增加0.6℃, 温度的少许改变都可能导致种群存活能力的显著增强和发育历期缩短。这些结果可解释Z. indianus为什么能够轻易突破障碍并适应新的环境。

关键词: Zaprionus indianus, 生命周期, 气候适应性, 生理耐受性, 气候变暖

Abstract:  During the last decades, Zaprionus indianus, a warm adapted drosophilid species has invaded and expanded its boundaries in the Indian subcontinent. Z. indianus has successfully invaded because of its high adaptive flexibility and extreme physiological tolerance. A comparison of developmental thresholds of Z. indianus (warm specialist) and D. melanogaster (cosmopolitan) during pre-adult and adult life stages at extreme temperatures showed significant difference in mortality and threshold temperature between both species. To test for variation in stress resistance and survival in preadult/adult stages over winter, Z. indianus populations were initiated from temperate and tropical sites in India. The hatchability of eggs and adult survival of these populations were monitored in field cages at a temperate location and under constant laboratory conditions, until all adults died. Total hatchability and survival showed significant difference with latitude, due to high hatchability and survival by temperate in northern populations as compared with  southern populations. Egg to adult viability experiment indicated that eggs laid in low temperature conditions developed successfully to the adult stage when the temperature became moderate. This study is evident for climatic adaptation in immature stages and stress tolerance in adults that may provide seasonal protection to the species. When climate warming scenario was considered, i.e., temperature increase of 0.6℃, a slight increase in temperature could cause a significant increment in population viability and a decrease in developmental duration. These results explain why Z. indianus can easily cross barriers and is able to adapt to new environment.

Key words: Zaprionus indianus, life stage, climatic adaptation, physiological tolerance, climatic warming