仿爱夜蛾成虫对敦煌莫高窟模拟洞窟壁画的选择趋性

›› 2013, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (10): 1181-1188.doi:

仿爱夜蛾成虫对敦煌莫高窟模拟洞窟壁画的选择趋性

汪万福^1,2,3,4，武发思^1,2,3，张国彬^1,2,3，赵林毅^1,2,3

（1. 敦煌研究院保护研究所，甘肃敦煌 736200; 2. 国家古代壁画与土遗址保护工程技术研究中心，甘肃敦煌 736200;
3. 古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地，甘肃敦煌 736200; 4. 兰州大学生命科学学院，兰州 730000）

出版日期:2013-10-20 发布日期:2013-10-20

Preferences of Apopestes spectrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adults to murals in a simulated cave in Mogao grottoes, Dunhuang

WANG Wan-Fu^1,2,3,4, WU Fa-Si^1,2,3, ZHANG Guo-Bin^1,2,3, ZHAO Lin-Yi^1,2,3

（1. Conservation Institute, Dunhuang Academy, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200, China; 2. National Research Center for Conservation of Ancient Wall Paintings and Earthen Sites, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200, China; 3. Key Scientific Research Base of Conservation for Ancient Mural, State Administration for Cultural Heritage, Dunhuang, Gansu 736200, China; 4. School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China）

Online:2013-10-20 Published:2013-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明仿爱夜蛾Apopestes spectrum对莫高窟壁画的损害过程，给壁画病害昆虫的有效防治提供科学依据。本文结合莫高窟洞窟的微气候环境监测，在置于莫高窟第53窟中模拟洞窟中观察了仿爱夜蛾成虫的空间分布特点及其对不同颜料壁画的选择趋性。微气候环境监测结果表明，在8-9月仿爱夜蛾成虫发生高峰期，模拟洞窟内和莫高窟第53窟内的平均温度分别为17.97℃和18.02℃，相对湿度分别为37.04%和37.13%，两者非常接近，说明模拟洞窟可以较好地模拟自然洞窟内的气象环境条件。空间分布观察结果表明，仿爱夜蛾在模拟洞窟内不同方位壁画表面的分布数量差异较大，其中在南壁上部和东壁两侧分布数量最多，而在底部、顶部和西壁上部分布数量最少。不同颜料壁画选择趋性测定结果表明，仿爱夜蛾成虫对不同颜料壁画的选择偏好差异明显，其中在靛蓝、铁红和墨壁画色块上的数量最多，其次为铅丹和石绿色块。Pearson相关性分析显示，壁画颜料明度与其表面仿爱夜蛾的分布数量呈极显著负相关，表明壁画颜料明度是影响仿爱夜蛾成虫对不同颜料趋性的重要因素之一。本研究对于其他石窟寺病害昆虫损坏壁画机理研究具有重要的借鉴意义。

关键词: 仿爱夜蛾, 行为, 莫高窟, 模拟洞窟, 壁画颜料, 选择趋性, 文物保护, 敦煌

Abstract: This study aimed to explore the damage process of Apopestes spectrum (Esper) to murals in Mogao grottoes, so as to provide the effective scientific basis for the prevention of this dominant insect pest. Combined with microclimatic environment monitoring in Mogao grottoes, the spatial distribution characteristics and preferences of A. spectrum adults to murals of different pigments in a simulated cave inside cave 53 of Mogao grottoes were observed simultaneously. The environmental monitoring results indicated that in the peak active season of A. spectrum adults from August to September 2011, the temperature and relative humidity were very close in the simulated cave and cave 53, which was 17.97℃ and 18.02℃, and 37.04% and 37.13%, respectively, suggesting that the artificial cave can simulate the environmental condition of natural cave preferably. The observation results of spatial distribution showed that the numbers of A. spectrum adults differed greatly on mural surfaces in different orientation of simulated cave, distributed more on the upper southern wall and two sides of the eastern wall than on the ground, the ceiling, and the upper western wall. Tests of preferences of moths towards murals of different pigments indicated that there were distinct differences in the preference of A. spectrum adults towards different mural pigments, with the largest number of adults on briquettes with indigo, iron oxide red, and ink, and the less number of adults on briquettes with the pigments red lead and malachite. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that the number of adults on mural surfaces with different pigments had a significantly negative correlation with lightness of pigments, suggesting that lightness of pigment surface is one of the key factors that influence the tendency of A. spectrum adults towards pigments. This study can provide a significant reference for studying insect damage mechanisms to wall paintings in other cavetemple sites.

Key words: Apopestes spectrum, behavior, Mogao grottoes, simulated caves, mural pigments; , preference, cultural relics&rsquo, conservation, Dunhuang

汪万福，武发思，张国彬，赵林毅. 仿爱夜蛾成虫对敦煌莫高窟模拟洞窟壁画的选择趋性[J]. , 2013, 56(10): 1181-1188.

WANG Wan-Fu, WU Fa-Si, ZHANG Guo-Bin, ZHAO Lin-Yi. Preferences of Apopestes spectrum (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) adults to murals in a simulated cave in Mogao grottoes, Dunhuang[J]. , 2013, 56(10): 1181-1188.

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链接本文: http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/

http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/Y2013/V56/I10/1181

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