›› 2014, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 74-80.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

东北黑土区耕作措施对地表节肢动物多样性的影响

孙涛, 陈强, 张兴义*   

  1. (中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150081)
  • 出版日期:2014-01-20 发布日期:2014-01-20

Effect of tillage system on soil surface arthropod diversity in the black soil region of Northeast China

SUN Tao, CHEN Qiang, ZHANG Xing-Yi*   

  1. (Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China)
  • Online:2014-01-20 Published:2014-01-20

摘要: 【目的】调查不同耕作措施下东北黑土地表节肢动物群落类群多样性以及营养功能群结构, 有利于揭示地表节肢动物多样性对土地管理措施的响应。【方法】本研究于2012年7-9月在黑龙江海伦中国科学院海伦农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站采用陷阱法对东北典型黑土区免耕、 少耕、 平翻、 旋耕和组合5种耕作措施长期定位试验区的地表节肢动物群落组成、 类群多样性以及功能群结构进行调查, 计算各处理地表节肢动物类群相对多度、 类群丰富度、 ShannonWiener多样性指数、 Pielou均匀度指数、 Simpson优势度指数、 Cody指数和Srensen指数。【结果】本次调查共收集黑土农田地表节肢动物个体数为2 942, 隶属7目18科。免耕样地收集节肢动物15科, 占所有类群83.34%; 少耕和组合样地均为11科, 占61.12%。所有耕作措施下鞘翅目和蜘蛛目类群相对多度最高, 步甲科为黑土农田优势地表节肢动物类群。免耕样地节肢动物类群丰富度和多样性指数最高, 少耕样地最低。除旋耕样地外, 其他耕作样地地表节肢动物功能群均以捕食性为主。群落相似性指数分析表明, 不同耕作措施间群落相似性不同, 免耕与组合之间相似性较高, 而平翻与组合之间较低。【结论】步甲科是黑土农田地表节肢动物群落中的优势类群。不同耕作措施影响近地表土壤以及植被微生境, 进而影响地表节肢动物群落组成、 数量和营养功能群。免耕样地具有较高节肢动物类群丰富度和捕食性动物类群, 有利于维持黑土农田地表节肢动物多样性。

Abstract: 【Aim】 To provide references to revealing the response of arthropod diversity to the land management through investigating the diversity and trophic functional group of arthropod communities on the soil surface with different tillage systems in the black soil region of Northeast China. 【Methods】 The pitfall trap method was used in the Hailun Agroecology Experimental Station, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences from July to September in 2012, to investigate the community composition, diversity and functional group structure, and to calculate the relative abundance, richness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou evenness index, Simpson dominant index, Cody index and S-rensen index of arthropods on the soil surface with five tillage systems, i. e., no-tillage (NT), reduced tillage (RT), moldboard plough (MP), rotary tillage (ROT) and combination tillage (CT), based on the long-term tillage experiment. 【Results】 A total of 2 942 individuals of soil surface arthropods belonging to 7 orders and 18 families were collected. There were 15, 11 and 11 families under NT, RT and CTM, accounting for 83.34%, 61.12% and 61.12% of the total fauna, respectively. The relative abundance of Coleoptera and Araneae was the highest under the five tillage systems, and Carabidae was the dominant group in the black farmland. The largest values of richness and diversity were found under NT, while the lowest under RT. The results showed that the predators were dominant under all tillage systems except ROT. The analysis of similarities of arthropod community showed that the similarities of soil surface arthropod fauna varied among different tillage systems, with the highest similarity between NT and CT and the lowest similarity between MP and CT. 【Conclusion】 Tillage system could affect surface soil and vegetation micro-environment condition, thus affecting the community composition, population and functional group of arthropods. NT has higher abundance of arthropod group and predatory group, which contributes to conserving arthropod diversity of farmland in the black soil region.

Key words:  Arthropod, species diversity, community structure, tillage system, soil surface, black soil region