›› 2015, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (5): 569-578.doi:

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

贵州兴义实蝇类昆虫多样性特征

王涛1, 任艳玲2, 杨茂发1,*,张润志3,*   

  1. (1. 贵州大学昆虫研究所, 贵州山地农业病虫害重点实验室, 贵阳 550025; 2. 贵州轻工职业技术学院, 贵阳 550025; 3. 中国科学院动物研究所, 动物进化与系统学重点实验室, 北京 100101)
  • 出版日期:2015-05-20 发布日期:2015-05-20
  • 作者简介:王涛, 男, 1981年12月出生, 博士研究生, 研究方向为动物生态学, E-mail: 745498931@qq.com

Diversity characteristics of fruit flies in Xingyi, Guizhou, southwestern China

WANG Tao1, REN Yan-Ling2, YANG Mao-Fa1,*, ZHANG Run-Zhi3,*   

  1. (1. Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2. Guizhou Light Industrial Vocational College, Guiyang 550025, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Online:2015-05-20 Published:2015-05-20

摘要: 【目的】掌握贵州兴义实蝇的种类组成和不同生境中的发生规律及多样性变化。【方法】2010-2011年,在贵州兴义 5个不同生境的监测点,采用性诱剂、食物引诱剂及被害瓜果培养法对实蝇类昆虫种类和数量进行了系统调查和监测,并对监测数据进行分析。【结果】贵州兴义实蝇优势种包括桔小实蝇 Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel)、瓜实蝇 B. cucurbitae (Coquillett)、南瓜实蝇 B. tau (Walker)及具条实蝇 B. scutellata (Hendel),且不同年份各监测点实蝇优势种及相似性系数(0.33~0.89)存在差异;但其年种群动态相似。聚类分析结果显示,两个农村生境果园中实蝇种群关系最近,城市混合果园与其他生境果园中实蝇种群关系最远;各监测点的多样性指数在不同年份也不同,监测的2年间 Simpson 指数、Shannon 指数和均匀度指数分别在0.11~0.68、0.28~1.25和0.18~0.62之间。【结论】贵州兴义实蝇种类丰富,种群发生规律与气候、寄主、生态位竞争等因素有关;相近生境混合果园诱捕到的实蝇种数和数量大于单一果园;离城区越近,实蝇发生期越早,数量越大。研究结果为了解该地区实蝇种类分布以及预防实蝇危害提供了科学依据。

关键词: 种类组成, 优势种, 生境, 物种多样性, 种群动态, 贵州, 实蝇

Abstract: 【Aim】 This study aims to obtain an overall knowledge of the species composition, occurrence and diversity alteration of fruit flies in Xingyi, Guizhou, southwestern China.【Methods】 The fruit flies were trapped using the methods of sex attractant, food attractant, and cultivation of infested melons to investigate and monitor the species and the number of individuals of fruit flies systemically from 2010 to 2011 in five different habitats in Xingyi, Guizhou, and all the collected data were analyzed with the related biodiversity indexes including Shannon’s diversity index. 【Results】 The dominant fruit fly species included Bactrocera dorsalis, B. cucurbitae, B. tau and B. scutellata in Xingyi, Guizhou, and the dominant species and similarity coefficient (0.33-0.89) varied with years and monitored sites. However, the annual population dynamics of the dominant fruit fly species was similar. The cluster analysis indicated that the relationship of the fruit fly species between two rural habitat orchards was the closest, while that between urban mixed orchards and other habitat orchards was the remotest. There were differences in the diversity indexes of the fruit fly species among different monitored sites, and the values of Simpson index, Shannon index and evenness index were 0.11-0.68, 0.28-1.25 and 0.18-0.62, respectively, in the two years monitored. 【Conclusion】 Fruit fly species richness are high in Xingyi, Guizhou. The occurrence of the fruit flies is related to local climate, host plant, ecological niche competition, etc. The numbers of species and individuals of trapped fruit flies are obviously higher in the habitat-similar mixed orchard than that in the mono-cultured orchard. The closer the flies to the urban, the earlier the occurrence period and the greater the amount of individuals. These results provide a scientific basis for control of fruit flies in this region.

Key words: Fruit fly, species composition, dominant species, habitat, species diversity, population dynamics, Guizhou