桔小实蝇抗敌百虫品系的实验种群生物学比较研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究明确桔小实蝇 Bactrocare dorsalis (Hendel) 抗药性品系与敏感品系的基本生物学特征以及相对适合度、内禀增长率等种群生物学参数差异。【方法】实验室条件下筛选出对敌百虫具中抗和高抗的桔小实蝇品系，观察记录其与敏感品系的生物学特性，比较三者之间的主要生物学参数。【结果】桔小实蝇敏感品系与2个抗性品系的卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期、化蛹率、产卵前期、雌雄虫寿命、存活时间及雌虫比率均无显著差异。中抗品系卵孵化率和成虫羽化率分别为68.33%和93.73%，均显著低于敏感品系（分别为88.33%和97.93%）和高抗品系（分别为86.67%和98.21%）。与敏感品系的产卵量864.61粒/雌和高抗品系的产卵量750.70粒/雌相比，中抗品系的产卵量降低至630.87粒/雌。3个品系雌虫日产卵量动态规律比较一致，均呈开始产卵后短时间内进入产卵盛期，继而产量达到高峰，之后产卵量波动下降。但是与敏感品系相比，2个抗性品系雌虫较早进入产卵高峰。对成虫存活率动态拟合方程参数c值均大于1，符合I型存活曲线基本模型，表明在实验室理想条件下3个品系成虫均能达到其平均寿命。敏感品系种群趋势指数（I）最高，为339.41，其次为高抗品系（I = 307.82），最小为中抗品系（ I = 175.79），表明对敌百虫产生抗性抑制了桔小实蝇种群的增长，中抗品系抑制程度更大。敏感和高抗品系实验种群净增殖率较高，分别为327.89和284.29；中抗品系显著较低，为217.49。2个抗性品系内禀增长率（r_m）和周限增长率（λ）间无显著差异，且均显著大于敏感品系，世代历期（T）则显著缩短。基于种群净增殖率获得的敌百虫高抗和中抗品系相对适合度分别为0.8670和0.6633。【结论】在敌百虫的选择压力下，桔小实蝇抗药性品系的世代周期、中抗品系卵的孵化率和蛹的羽化率显著降低，其他多项生物学特征无显著变化。抗性品系的繁殖力和种群世代增长量受到抑制，以中抗品系更为明显；但与敏感品系相比，抗性品系种群增长潜力更大。

关键词: 桔小实蝇, 抗药性, 敌百虫, 生物学, 生命表

Abstract: 【Aim】 This study aims to clarify the difference in basic biological characteristics and population parameters like relative fitness and intrinsic rate of increase, between different trichlorfon-resistant strains and susceptible strain of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). 【Methods】 The high- and medium-level trichlorfon-resistant strains of B. dorsalis were selected in the laboratory. Biological characteristics and parameters were investigated and analyzed between the resistant strains and the susceptible strain. 【Results】 There were no significant differences in the durations of egg, larva and pupa, pupation rate, pre-oviposition period, longevity of male and female adults, average longevity and female rate of B. dorsalis. Egg hatching rate (68.33%) and adult emergence rate (93.73%) of the medium-level trichlorfon resistant strain (Tri-M) was significantly lower than those of the susceptible strain (SS), which were 88.33% and 97.93%, respectively, and those of high-level trichlorfon resistant strain (Tri-H), which were 86.67% and 98.21%, respectively. Compared with the fecundity of SS (864.61 eggs laid per female) and Tri-H (750.70 eggs laid per female), the fecundity of Tri-M decreased to 630.87 eggs laid per female. All strains had coincidently daily fecundity dynamics of females, indicating that the oviposition peak periods come in a short time after sexual maturity of females. The oviposition peaks of the resistant strains were observed earlier than that of the susceptible strain. After the oviposition peak, fecundity decreased in a fluctuation. All the c values of equations to simulate adult survival rate dynamics of different strains were higher than 1, demonstrating that the equations fit to the I-type survival model. Adults of all strains could survive until the average longevity was reached. SS had the highest index of population trend (I =339.41), while Tri-H had a moderate (I =307.82) and Tri-M had the lowest index of population trend (I =175.79), indicating that the ascending of trichlorfon resistance of B. dorsalis populations was suppressed, and for Tri-M the suppression was stronger. The net reproductive rate (R₀) of Tri-M (217.49) was significantly lower than those of SS (327.89) and Tri-H (284.29), respectively. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) and finite rate of increase (λ) of the two resistant strains had no significant difference, but were much higher than those of SS, and the average generation period (T ) of the two resistant strains was shorter than that of SS. The relative fitness of the high-and medium-level resistant strains was 0.8670 and 0.6633, respectively, significantly lower than that of SS. 【Conclusion】 Under selection pressure of trichlorfon, there is significant decrease in the average generation period, egg hatching rate and pupation rate of Tri-M, while most of biological characteristics of the resistant strains of B. dorsalis have no significant change. Reproduction and development of populations of the trichlorfon-resistant strains are disadvantaged, while Tri-M is much more disadvantaged. Nevertheless, the resistant strains show better population growth potentials.

Key words: Bactrocera dorsalis, insecticide resistance, trichlorfon, biology, life table

陈朗杰, 刘昕, 吴善俊, 朱弋凡, 曾玲, 陆永跃. 桔小实蝇抗敌百虫品系的实验种群生物学比较研究[J]. , 2015, 58(8): 864-871.

CHEN Lang-Jie, LIU Xin, WU Shan-Jun, ZHU Yi-Fan, ZENG Ling, LU Yong-Yue. A comparative study of the population biology of trichlorfon-resistant strains of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritdae)[J]. , 2015, 58(8): 864-871.

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桔小实蝇抗敌百虫品系的实验种群生物学比较研究

A comparative study of the population biology of trichlorfon-resistant strains of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritdae)

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