海南省冬季瓜菜农药使用现状调查与分析

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.11.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】海南省是我国重要的冬季蔬菜生产基地之一，因其适宜的环境条件使得病虫害常年多发，造成农药使用量大，农产品质量安全存在极大隐患的问题。本研究就海南省冬季瓜菜生产中发生的主要病虫害、施用农药种类、农药用量和防控效果、农户用药行为等方面进行调查分析，为海南省冬季瓜菜病虫害防治、冬季瓜菜安全生产和农产品质量安全提供有效的参考依据。【方法】通过问卷、田间随机调查及跟踪访问等方式获取数据并进行统计分析。【结果】海南冬季瓜菜病虫害种类繁多，发生周期长，为害重，调查发现冬季瓜菜上病虫害近60余种，主要害虫16种(类)，主要病害19种(类)；农药使用量大，调查25位茄子、辣椒等种植农户在其作物栽培管理主要用药阶段使用药剂86种（有效成分），累计使用988次，主要使用药剂为阿维菌素、吡虫啉等10种；利用农药用量指数对冬季瓜菜主要病虫害防治效果及使用量进行比较分析；农户对农药种类和用量的选择带有很大的盲目性，且安全用药意识不高，但学习意愿较高。本文首次提出农药用量指数这一参数，用于衡量农药用量的差异，使得不同农药、不同作物和不同病虫害防治之间的用药量可比性大大提高，可以更客观地反映田间实际用药情况。【结论】通过详细的调查分析，从源头上分析冬季瓜菜生产过程中农药的使用问题，提出相应的对策建议，为海南省冬季瓜菜病虫害防治提供有效的参考依据。

关键词: 农药, 病害, 虫害, 农药用量指数, 冬季瓜菜, 海南

Abstract: 【Aim】Hainan province is one of the major winter melon and vegetable production bases in China. However, due to the suitable environmental conditions, plant diseases and insect pests could occur all the year round, leading to a tremendous amount of pesticide consumption. This has resulted in potential risk in agricultural product quality and safety. This study investigated the current status of pesticide application and control efficiency in winter melon and vegetable pest control, and analyzed the behavior choice logic and influencing factors of agricultural producers’ pesticide application, so as to provide an effective reference for plant disease and insect pest management. 【Methods】 By means of questionnaire investigation, field survey and tracking survey, we investigated and analyzed the main plant diseases and insect pests, control situation, pesticide types, pesticide application dosage and control efficiency. 【Results】 There are many kinds of plant diseases and insect pests in winter melons and vegetables in Hainan (nearly 60 species, including 16 major insect species and 19 major plant disease species), which have long occurrence cycle and cause serious damage. The actual application dosage of pesticide has been far higher than the recommended dosage in Hainan. A huge variety of pesticides in a tremendous amount were applied in every growing season. The investigation on 25 growers showed that 86 pesticides had been applied in winter melon and vegetable growing season with the accumulated application frequency of 988 times. The most commonly used pesticides are abamectin, imidacloprid and so on. And the farmers lack of the awareness of safe use of pesticides, and blindly choose the type and dosage of pesticides. We proposed for the first time the pesticide application index as a parameter to measure the application dosage of pesticides in different crops, plant diseases and insect pests, which would be more objective to reflect the actual application dosage in the field. 【Conclusion】 Based on the investigation and analysis, comments and suggestions on pesticide use in Hainan winter melon and vegetable production are given.

Key words: Pesticide, diseases, insect pests, pesticide application index, winter melons and vegetables, Hainan

林珠凤, 吉训聪, 潘飞, 梁延坡, 肖彤斌, 谢圣华. 海南省冬季瓜菜农药使用现状调查与分析[J]. 昆虫学报, 2016, 59(11): 1282-1290.

LIN Zhu-Feng, JI Xun-Cong, PAN Fei, LIANG Yan-Po, XIAO Tong-Bin, XIE Sheng-Hua. Investigation and analysis of the current status of pesticide application in winter melon and vegetable pest control in Hainan Province, southern China[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2016, 59(11): 1282-1290.

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链接本文: http://www.insect.org.cn/CN/10.16380/j.kcxb.2016.11.017

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海南省冬季瓜菜农药使用现状调查与分析

Investigation and analysis of the current status of pesticide application in winter melon and vegetable pest control in Hainan Province, southern China

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