昆虫学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 65 ›› Issue (2): 144-156.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2022.02.003

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

豆大蓟马消化道形态及超微结构

王谅1, 2, 刘宇艳2, 李恒2, 陈艺欣2, 林硕2, 余芸2, 田厚军2林涛2, 张洁3, 陈勇1,2,*, 魏辉1,2,*   

  1. (1. 福建农林大学, 闽台作物有害生物生态防控国家重点实验室, 福州 350002; 2. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所, 福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室, 农业部福州作物有害生物科学观测试验站, 福建省作物有害生物绿色防控工程研究中心, 福州 350003; 3. 云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所, 昆明 650205)
  • 出版日期:2022-02-20 发布日期:2022-01-28

Morphology and ultrastructure of the alimentary canal of Megalurothrips usitatus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

WANG Liang1,2, LIU Yu-Yan2, LI Heng2, CHEN Yi-Xin2, LIN Shuo2, YU Yun2, TIAN Hou-Jun2, LIN Tao2, ZHANG Jie3, CHEN Yong1,2,*, WEI Hui1,2,*   

  1. (1. State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002, China; 2. Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Pests of Ministry of Agriculture, Fujian Engineering Research Center for Green Pest Management, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350003, China;3.Institute of Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China)
  • Online:2022-02-20 Published:2022-01-28

摘要: 【目的】本研究旨在明确豆大蓟马Megalurothrips usitatus各个发育阶段消化道形态和超微结构。【方法】运用激光共聚焦显微镜和透射电子显微镜技术观察豆大蓟马若虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫期消化道形态和超微结构。【结果】豆大蓟马消化道由前肠、中肠、后肠及马氏管组成。1龄若虫、2龄若虫、预蛹、蛹、雌成虫和雄成虫的消化道平均长度分别为1 642.65±158.68, 2 233.68±133.76, 1 264.39±92.43, 1 169.81±59.48, 2 380.32±196.67和1 344.31±143.29 μm。前肠分为咽、食道、嗉囊和贲门4个部分,肠壁由外向内分别为肌上皮细胞外层、肌肉层、上皮细胞层和角质层。1和2龄若虫前肠有大量囊泡,角质层不明显。预蛹、蛹和成虫前肠细胞角质层较厚,肌肉也较发达。中肠分为前中肠、中中肠和后中肠3个部分,由外向内分别为肌细胞层和上皮细胞层,靠近肠腔的一侧特化成微绒毛结构。1龄若虫前中肠细胞含有储备物质;2龄若虫前中肠细胞含有髓鞘样结构以及较多的类自噬泡结构;预蛹和蛹中肠细胞含有球晶;成虫前中肠和中中肠细胞含有基底迷路。后肠由回肠和直肠2部分组成,各个发育阶段均具有发达的肌肉层和角质层。马氏管没有肌肉层,上皮细胞包含线粒体、粗面内质网、基底迷路、紧密连接等细胞器或结构。预蛹和蛹的马氏管基部未观察到基底迷路结构,但预蛹马氏管细胞内分布有多泡体。此外,蛹期马氏管细胞质中观察到球晶。【结论】豆大蓟马各个发育阶段的消化道形态结构有明显差异。本研究根据消化道不同部位的形态组成,对其功能进行了推测。研究结果将为进一步解析蓟马类昆虫消化道形态和功能分化提供实验依据。

关键词: 豆大蓟马, 生长发育, 消化道, 比较形态学, 透射电子显微镜

Abstract: 【Aim】The aim of this study is to explicit the morphology and ultrastructure of the alimentary canal of the bean flower thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus at different developmental stages. 【Methods】 Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe the morphology and ultrastructure of the alimentary canal of nymphs, pre-pupae, pupae and adults of M. usitatus. 【Results】The alimentary canal of M. usitatus is composed of foregut, midgut, hindgut and Malpighian tubules. The mean length of the alimentary canal of the 1st instar nymphs, 2nd instar nymphs, pre-pupae, pupae, female adults and male adults are 1 642.65±158.68, 2 233.68±133.76, 1 264.39±92.43, 1 169.81±59.48, 2 380.32±196.67 and 1 344.31±143.29 μm, respectively. The foregut includes the pharynx, esophagus, crop and cardia.The intestinal wall is composed of the outer layer of myoepithelial cells, muscle layer, epithelial cell layer and cuticle from the outside to the inside. A large number of vesicles and inconspicuous cuticle were observed in the foregut of the 1st and 2nd instar nymphs. The cuticle of foregut cells in the prepupae, pupae and adults is thicker, and the muscles are also relatively developed. The midgut is divided into three parts, namely anterior, middle and posterior parts. The muscle cell layer and epithelial cell layer are distributed from the outside to the inside, and the side near the midgut lumen is specially formed into the microvilli structures.There are reserve materials in the anterior midgut cells of the 1st instar nymphs. Myelin-like structures and more autophagosome-like vesicle structures were observed in the anterior midgut cells of the 2nd instar nymphs. The concentric spherocrystal structures are widespread in the midgut cells of pre-pupae and pupae,and the basal labyrinth is obvious in the cells of the anterior and middle midgut of adults. The hindgut is composed of ileum and rectum, and has developed muscle layer and cuticle at each developmental stage. There is no muscle layer in the Malpighian tubules, but organelles or structures such as mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, basal labyrinth and zonulae adherens still exist in epithelial cells. No basal labyrinth structure was observed at the base of Malpighian tubules of pre-pupae and pupae, but multivesicular bodies are distributed in the pre-pupal Malpighian tubule cells. In addition, spherocrystal was observed in the cytoplasm of the pupal Malpighian tubules.【Conclusion】There are obvious differences in the morphological structure of the alimentary canal of M. usitatus at different developmental stages. In this study, according to the morphological composition, the functions of different parts of the alimentary canal were speculated as well. The results will provide experimental basis for further analysis of the morphology and functional differentiation of the alimentary canal of thrips.

Key words: Megalurothrips usitatus; growth and development, alimentary canal, comparative morphology, transmission electron microscopy