Abstract: Two genera of the ant subfamily Leptanillinae are recorded in China. Three species including a new species of the genus Leptanilla Emery are reported: L. hunanensis Tang, Li et Chen from Hunan Province, L. taiwanensis Ogata, Terayama et Masuko from Taiwan Province, L. yuananensis sp. Nov. from Yunnan Province. Protanilla Taylor is newly recorded in China, of which 2 new species are described from Yunnan Province, I e. P. concolor sp. Nov. and P. bicolor sp. Nov. Keys to the two genera of Leptanillinae and their species in China based on worker caste are provided.

Key words: Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Leptanillinae, Systematics, China