Abstract: 【Aim】To explore the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites and genes related to the resistance to deltamethrin in the Wuxi strain of Anopheles sinensis. 【Methods】The F2 population created by crossing the deltamethrin=resistant Wuxi strain (WX-LR) and the susceptible Wuxi strain (WX-LS) of An. sinensis was treated with 0.04% deltamethrin to calculate the knockdown time. The mixed pools of extremely resistant individuals and extremely susceptible individuals were subjected to whole-genome resequencing by bulked segregant analysis (BSA) combined with whole-genome sequencing to identify SNP sites associated with deltamethrin resistance. SNP-index (SNP genotype frequency) calculation and candidate region mapping were used to screen for quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with the resistance to deltamethrin, followed by GO functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment of candidate QTL genes. The key genes associated with the resistance to deltamethrin were identified.【Results】The SNP loci associated with the resistance to deltamethrin were mainly concentrated on Chr. 2 and Chr. 3 in An. sinensis. The ΔSNP-indexes with a 99% confidence interval was entirely mapped to Chr. 2, including 12 QTLs and 672 annotated genes related to the resistance to deltamethrin. Twelve key genes associated with the resistance to deltamethrin were screened, including six trypsin genes, four zinc finger protein genes, OAT gene, and CYP4J5 gene, which are involved in the insecticide metabolic detoxification enzymes and organic anion transport.【Conclusion】Based on BSA sequencing (BSA-seq), genes directly associated with the resistance in the Wuxi strain of An. sinensis to deltamethrin were identified, providing a foundation for further understanding the molecular mechanisms of the resistance in An. sinensis to deltamethrin.

Key words:  Anopheles sinensis, bulked segregant analysis, BSAseq, insecticide resistance, deltamethrin