囊状幼虫病病毒侵染对中华蜜蜂营养和免疫反应的影响

doi:10.16380/j.kcxb.2019.09.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】囊状幼虫病病毒(sacbrood virus, SBV)是严重危害中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana蜂群健康和种群数量的病原微生物，但其对蜜蜂的致死机制不明。本研究旨在探究SBV对不同发育阶段中华蜜蜂营养代谢和免疫的影响。【方法】分别给中华蜜蜂2日龄幼虫和新羽化成虫饲喂SBV，逐日统计死亡蜜蜂数量，检测病毒对蜜蜂存活的影响；利用qPCR检测中华蜜蜂4日龄幼虫、预蛹以及10和20日龄成虫体内SBV RNA、营养代谢基因(ilp1, ilp2, hex110, hex70b, hex70c和vg)、先天性病毒免疫基因(rel, toll, apidaecin, abaecin, defensin, hymenoptaecin, jra, key和state92e)、细胞凋亡基因(atg7和LOC100577876)和抗RNA病毒基因(dis3和dicer)的表达水平。【结果】 SBV感染显著降低了中华蜜蜂幼虫的存活率，但对成虫的生存影响不明显。SBV RNA在中华蜜蜂4日龄幼虫和预蛹体内的表达量显著高于其在10和20日龄成虫体内的表达量。SBV显著降低了中华蜜蜂幼虫营养代谢基因ilp1, ilp2, hex110, hex70b和hex70c以及成虫营养代谢基因vg和hex110的表达量，但显著提高了4日龄幼虫rel, toll, apidaecin, abaecin, defensin, hymenoptaecin和jra以及成虫key和 state92e等先天性病毒免疫基因的表达量，还引起预蛹体内的细胞凋亡基因atg7和LOC100577876的表达量显著增加。【结论】SBV在中华蜜蜂幼虫和预蛹体内的感染水平远高于在成虫体内的，其对幼虫的危害也大于对成虫。SBV显著影响了中华蜜蜂正常的营养代谢，染毒中华蜜蜂能够提高自身的免疫水平来应对；预蛹期中华蜜蜂幼虫细胞凋亡水平的显著增加可能与化蛹异常及死亡有关。

关键词: 中华蜜蜂, 囊状幼虫病病毒, 营养, 免疫, 寿命

Abstract: 【Aim】 Sacbrood virus (SBV), is a pathogen seriously threatening the health and colony number of the Eastern honey bee, Apis cerana cerana. But its lethal mechanism is not clear so far. The aim of the study is to uncover the effect of SBV on nutrition and immunity in A. cerana cerana in different developmental stages. 【Methods】 The 2-day-old larvae and newly emerged adults of A. cerana cerana were fed with SBV, and the number of daily dead larvae or adults were recorded to determine the effect of SBV on the survival of larvae and adults, respectively. Moreover, the expression levels of SBV RNA, nutrient metabolism-related genes including ilp1, ilp2, hex110, hex70b, hex70c and vg, innate virus immunity genes including rel, toll, apidaecin, abaecin, defensin, hymenoptaecin, jra, key and state92e, apoptosis genes including atg7 and LOC100577876, and anti-RNA virus genes including dis3 and dicer in 4-day-old larvae, prepupae, and 10- and 20-day-old adults of A. cerana cerana were determined by qPCR, respectively. 【Results】 SBV significantly decreased the survival rate of A. cerana cerana larvae, but had no effect on the survival of adults. The expression levels of SBV RNA in 4-day-old larvae and prepupae were significantly higher than those in 10- and 20-dayold adults of A. cerana cerana. SBV significantly decreased the expression levels of the nutrient metabolism-related genes ilp1, ilp2, hex110, hex70b and hex70c in larvae, and vg and hex110 in adults, but significantly increased the expression levels of the innate virus immunity genes rel, toll, apidaecin, abaecin, defensin, hymenoptaecin and jra in 4-day-old larvae, and key and state92e in adults, and also the expression levels of the apoptosis genes atg7 and LOC100577876 in prepupae of A. cerana cerana. 【Conclusion】 SBV has higher infection level in larvae and prepupae of A. cerana cerana than in adults, with higher virility to larvae than to adults. SBV decreases the nutrient metabolism of A. cerana cerana. Infected honeybees try to cope with the virus infection through increasing the immunity level. The increasing of apoptosis level in the prepupa might be related with the larval death and abnormal prepupal development.

Key words: Apis cerana cerana, Sacbrood virus, nutrition, immunity, life span

郑彬悦, 赵必安, 金鑫, 段辛乐, 黄少康, 李江红. 囊状幼虫病病毒侵染对中华蜜蜂营养和免疫反应的影响[J]. 昆虫学报, 2019, 62(9): 1054-1064.

ZHENG Bin-Yue, ZHAO Bi-An, JIN Xin, DUAN Xin-Le, HUANG Shao-Kang, LI Jiang-Hong. Effect of Sacbrood virus infection on nutritional and immune responses of Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2019, 62(9): 1054-1064.

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囊状幼虫病病毒侵染对中华蜜蜂营养和免疫反应的影响

Effect of Sacbrood virus infection on nutritional and immune responses of Apis cerana cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

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