昆虫学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (12): 1508-1515.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2020.12.009

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

薜荔榕小蜂幼虫虫龄的划分

包甜甜1, 陈友铃1, 吴文珊1,*, 吴婷婷1, 张兴坦2, 周莲香3   

  1. (1. 福建师范大学生命科学学院, 福建省发育与神经生物学重点实验室, 福州 350117; 2. 福建农林大学海峡联合研究院基因组与生物技术中心, 福州 350002; 3. 台湾大学生态学与演化生物学研究所, 台北 10617)
  • 出版日期:2020-12-20 发布日期:2021-01-14

Division of larval instars of Wiebesia pumilae (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae)

BAO Tian-Tian1, CHEN You-Ling1, WU Wen-Shan1,*, WU Ting-Ting1, ZHANG Xing-Tan2, CHOU Lien-Siang3   

  1.  (1. Provincial Key Laboratory for Developmental Biology and Neurosciences, College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China; 2. Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; 3. Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, College of Life Science, Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, China)
  • Online:2020-12-20 Published:2021-01-14

摘要: 【目的】薜荔Ficus pumila. var. pumila既是热带和亚热带植物生态系统的关键树种,也是城市垂直绿化的重要树种。薜荔榕小蜂Wiebesia pumilae是薜荔的专性传粉蜂。榕小蜂幼虫长期生活于隐头花序内的虫瘿中,虫体小,龄期长,观测困难。本研究旨在建立榕小蜂幼虫虫龄的划分标准,探讨确定隐蔽性昆虫幼虫龄数和龄期的可靠方法。【方法】共采集447头不同龄期的薜荔榕小蜂幼虫,对幼虫头壳宽、第3节宽、体长和周长4个形态指标进行测量,利用频次分布法确定幼虫龄数,并用众数龄期测定法计算各龄幼虫的龄期。【结果】幼虫头壳宽、第3节宽、体长和周长的频次分布均呈5个峰,表明幼虫发育龄数为5龄。因第3节宽的变异系数大于20%,不适合作为虫龄划分的指标。回归分析表明幼虫头壳宽、体长和周长的测量值与虫龄之间均呈极显著正相关性(P<0.01),由于体长测量值与虫龄回归曲线的判定系数(R2)最高,因此体长为分龄的最佳测量指标,其回归方程为y=0.14e0.55x(P<0.01, R2=0.97)。夏季薜荔榕小蜂1-5龄幼虫的龄期分别为4.29, 13.19, 6.27, 24.46和8.90 d,总幼虫期为57.11 d。【结论】本研究明确了薜荔榕小蜂幼虫的龄数和龄期,并筛选出榕小蜂幼虫最佳分龄指标,为榕小蜂发育以及榕蜂协同进化研究奠定基础。

关键词: 薜荔榕小蜂, 传粉蜂, 幼虫, 头壳宽, 体长, 频次分布法

Abstract: 【Aim】 Ficus pumila. var. pumila is not only a key tree species of tropical and subtropical plant ecosystems, but also an important tree species of urban vertical greening. Wiebesia pumilae is the obligate pollinator of F. pumila var. pumila. Fig wasp larvae live in the gall of syconium for a long time, with special features of small body, long stadium, and difficulty for observation. The purpose of this study is to establish the classification criteria of larval instars of fig wasps, and to explore a reliable method for determining the number and stadia of larval instars of recessive insect larvae. 【Methods】 A total of 447 larvae of W.pumilae at different developmental stages were collected, and the morphological indicators including head capsule width, width of the 3rd segment, body length and girth were measured. The larval instars were determined by frequency distribution method, and the larval stadia were calculated by the population median stadium measurement method. 【Results】 The frequency distribution of larval head capsule width, width of the 3rd segment, body length and girth all showed five peaks, suggesting that there are five larval instars. Since the coefficient of variation in the width of the 3rd segment was greater than 20%, it was not suitable as the index of instar division. Regression analysis showed that the head capsule width, body length and girth were extremely significantly correlated with the larval instars (P<0.01). Because the coefficient of determination (R2) of regression curve for body length measurement and larval instars was the highest, the body length was the optimal measurement index of instars, and the regression equation was y=0.14e0.55x(P<0.01, R2=0.97). The stadia of the 1st-5th instar larva of W. pumilae was 429, 13.19, 6.27, 24.46 and 8.90 d, respectively, and the total larval stadium was 57.11 d. 【Conclusion】 This study determined the number and stadia of larval instars of W. pumilae and screened out the optimal age index of larval fig wasps, providing a foundation for studying fig-wasp co-evolution.

Key words: Wiebesia pumilae, pollinator, larva, head capsule width, body length, frequency distribution method