›› 2015, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (1): 68-73.

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

螺旋粉虱成虫的翅斑型分化及其适应意义

韩冬银, 邢楚明, 张方平, 牛黎明, 李磊, 张敬宝, 符悦冠*   

  1. (中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所, 海南儋州 571737)
  • 出版日期:2015-01-20 发布日期:2015-01-20
  • 作者简介:韩冬银, 女, 1980年6月生, 海南文昌人, 硕士, 助理研究员, 从事农业昆虫与害虫防治研究, E-mail:hdy426@163.com

Wing type differentiation in Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults and its adaptive significance

HAN Dong-Yin, XING Chu-Ming, ZHANG Fang-Ping, NIU Li-Ming, LI Lei, ZHANG Jing-Bao, FU Yue-Guan*   

  1. (Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropic Agricultural Sciences, Danzhou, Hainan 571737, China)
  • Online:2015-01-20 Published:2015-01-20

摘要: 【目的】为弄清螺旋粉虱 Aleurodicus dispersus 有翅斑型和无翅斑型两种翅斑型在生物学方面的异同,明确影响螺旋粉虱翅斑型分化的因子及其适应意义。【方法】在26℃条件下,观察了两种翅斑型个体及其后代的发育及繁殖能力,比较了不同亲本翅斑型对其F1代翅斑型分化的影响。以有翅斑型成虫为F0代,观察了不同寄主、不同季节对翅斑型分化的影响。【结果】发现两种翅斑型的螺旋粉虱亲代及其F1代从卵至成虫的发育历期差异不显著;亲本为有翅斑型成虫时,其F1代成虫寿命、产卵能力及种群趋势指数均极显著高于亲本为无翅斑型个体的F1代;亲本为无翅斑型个体的F1代中无翅斑型个体比例显著高于亲本为有翅斑型个体;不同寄主植物对螺旋粉虱成虫翅斑型分化影响显著,木薯上无翅斑型成虫占所有成虫数的比例最低,仅3.82%,香蕉上无翅斑型个体比例最高,为25.73%;不同月份中螺旋粉虱成虫翅斑型分化有极显著的差异,7-8月高温时无翅斑型个体在实验种群中所占的比例最高,9月至次年3月随气温下降,无翅斑型个体所占比例总体呈逐渐下降趋势,说明温度是影响螺旋粉虱翅斑型分化的重要因素。【结论】螺旋粉虱翅斑型分化既由遗传因素控制又受到外界环境条件的影响。螺旋粉虱有翅斑型个体和无翅斑型个体并存,提高了种群对环境的适应能力。

关键词: 螺旋粉虱, 翅斑, 翅斑型分化, 发育, 繁殖, 适应性

Abstract: 【Aim】 This study aims to clarify the biological differences between the two wing types (spotty wing and unspotted wing) of the spiraling whitefly Aleurodicus dispersus and infer the factors influencing wing type differentiation and determine its adaptive significance. 【Methods】 The development and reproduction of the two types of A. dispersus adults and the effect of parent wing type on wing type differentiation in F1 progeny were compared at the constant temperature of 26℃. The effect of host plants and season on the differentiation of wing types was also investigated with the spotty wing adults as the F0 generation. 【Results】 The results showed that there were no significant differences in the developmental duration of the parental and F1 generation from egg to adult between the two wing types of A. dispersus. When the parents were spotty, the longevity, fecundity and population growth capacity of the F1 generation were extremely significantly higher than those whose parents were unspotted. The proportions of unspotted individuals in the F1 progeny when their parents were unspotted were extremely significantly higher than those whose parents were spotty. Host plants significantly affected the wing type differentiation of adults. The lowest proportion of unspotted individuals out of all adults was found on cassava, which was only 3.82%, while the highest was found on banana, which was 25.73%. There were significant differences in the proportions of unspotted and spotty individuals between different months. In July and August, the highest proportion of unspotted individuals out of all adults occurred. The proportions of unspotted individuals decreased gradually from September to March of next year, suggesting that temperature might be an important environmental factor influencing wing type differentiation.【Conclusion】 The differentiation of spotty and unspotted wing types of  A. dispersus  may be influenced by both genetic and environmental conditions. The coexistence of both spotty and unspotted individuals in A. dispersus populations could improve their ability to adapt to the environment.

Key words: Aleurodicus dispersus , wing spot, wing type differentiation, development, reproduction, adaptiveness