昆虫学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 63 ›› Issue (1): 63-72.doi: 10.16380/j.kcxb.2020.01.008

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄翅绢野螟生物学特性及田间种群动态

王政1, 张绍华1, 2, 杨陈军1, 2, 孟倩倩1,*, 孙世伟1高圣风1, 刘爱勤1,*, 杨婧2   

  1. (1. 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所, 海南省热带香辛饮料作物遗传改良与品质调控重点实验室, 海南万宁 571533; 2. 云南农业大学热带作物学院, 云南普洱 665000)
  • 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-01-19

Biological characteristics and field population dynamics of the jackfruit borer, Diaphania caesalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

WANG Zheng1, ZHANG Shao-Hua1,2, YANG Chen-Jun1,2, MENG Qian-Qian1,*, SUN Shi-Wei1, GAO Sheng-Feng1, LIU Ai-Qin1,*, YANG Jing2   

  1. (1. Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops, Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning, Hainan 571533, China; 2. College of Tropical Crops, Yunnan Agricultural University, Pu′er, Yunnan 665000, China)
  • Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-01-19

摘要: 【目的】黄翅绢野螟Diaphania caesalis是热带木本粮食作物菠萝蜜Artocarpus heterophyllus的重要钻蛀性害虫,对热区快速发展的菠萝蜜产业威胁巨大。本研究旨在明确该虫的生物学特性及田间发生规律,为准确预测和高效治理该虫提供理论基础。【方法】在室内温度26±1℃、相对湿度70%±5%、光周期14L∶10D条件下,以菠萝蜜叶片为食料,观察黄翅绢野螟各龄期形态特征、发育历期及繁殖能力,并在田间网室中观察该虫年生活史;通过室内选择和非选择试验,研究该虫的寄主多样性;2018年1-12月通过田间系统调查,分析该虫在海南省琼中县的种群动态规律。【结果】黄翅绢野螟卵、幼虫、预蛹、蛹和成虫的发育历期分别为4.58±0.50, 21.00±1.36, 2.50±0.51, 10.20±0.53和12.31±3.16 d,平均世代历期为50.50±3.54 d。各龄期主要形态特征为:卵椭圆形,表面具网纹;幼虫体黄褐色,化蛹前变白色,蜕裂线呈倒“Y”形;蛹红褐色,足和翅芽长至第5腹节;成虫体麦黄色,前翅有瓜子状和塔状黄斑。雌蛾可多次产卵,单雌产卵量为147.25±84.24粒。幼虫偏好取食菠萝蜜、榴莲蜜Artocarpus champeden和面包果Artocarpus altilis 3种植物。室内和网室观察结果表明,黄翅绢野螟在海南一年发生8代。2018年1-12月田间调查结果表明,从3月开始种群数量明显增加,至7月始终保持相对稳定的水平;7月中下旬至9月为种群高峰期;10月后种群开始回落,至次年2月种群保持在较低的水平。【结论】黄翅绢野螟能以菠萝蜜叶片为食料完成继代繁殖,属寡食性;7-9月是该虫在海南的种群高峰期(第5代),因此精准防控的关键时期为上代(第4代)成虫期,即7-8月。

关键词: 黄翅绢野螟, 形态特征, 发育历期, 生活史, 繁殖力, 种群动态

Abstract: 【Aim】 The jackfruit borer, Diaphania caesalis, is an important boring pest for tropical woody grain crop, Artocarpus heterophyllus, and seriously threats the development of jackfruit industry in hotspot. This study aims to clarify the biological characteristics and field population dynamics of D. caesalis and to provide a theoretical basis for the accurate prediction and efficient management of this pest. 【Methods】 The morphological characteristics, developmental duration and fecundity of various developmental stages of D. caesalis feeding on jackfruit leaves were observed under the room conditions of 26±1℃, RH 70%±5% and a photoperiod of 14L∶10D. The annual life cycle of D. caesalis was observed in the natural netting room. The host diversity of D. caesalis was assessed by selective and non-selective tests. The population dynamics of D. caesalis in Qiongzhong County, Hainan Province were measured during January-December, 2018 by systematic field investigation. 【Results】 The durations of egg, larval, pupal, prepupal and adult stages of D. caesalis were 4.58±0.50, 21.00±1.36, 2.50±0.51, 10.20±0.53 and 12.31±3.16 d, respectively. The average generation duration was 50.50±3.54 d. The main morphological characteristics of each stage were as follows: egg, elliptic with a reticulate surface; larva, yellowish-brown and becoming white before pupation, ecdysial suture shown as inverted “Y” shape; pupa, reddish brown, the legs and wings reaching to the 5th abdominal segment; adult, wheat yellow, fore wing with melon seed- and tower-shaped spots. The female adult laid eggs multiple times, and the egg-laying amount of a female was 147.25±84.24. The larvae showed a significant preference for A. heterophyllus, A. champeden and A. altilis. Observation results in the laboratory and natural netting room revealed that D. caesalis occur 8 generations per year in Hainan province. The results of field investigation during January-December, 2018 revealed that the population increased from March to July, reached the peak from late July to September, began to decline after October and remained at a low level until February of the following year. 【Conclusion】 D. caesalis is an oligophagous insect and can reproduce fertile offspring on jackfruit leaves. The 5th generation appears from July to September, during which the population of this insect reaches the peak in Hainan. So the key period for precise management is the adult stage of the 4th generation, i.e., from July to August.

Key words: Diaphania caesalis, morphological characteristics, developmental duration, life cycle, fecundity, population dynamics